Term
Which of the followingis the correct route of blood through the heart from the systemic circulaiton to the pulmonary circulation?
A. right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve
B. Left atrium, tricuspid valve, left ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, right atrium, mitral valve, right ventricle, aortic semilunar valve
C. Left atrium, pulmonary semilunar valve, right atrium, tricuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve, right ventricle, mirtral valve
D. Left ventricle, mitral valve, lefft atrium, pulmonary semilunar valve, right ventricle, tricuspid valve, right atrium, aortic semilunar valve
E. Right atrium, mitral valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, left atrium, tricuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve |
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Definition
| A. Right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve |
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Term
Which of the following represents the correct pathway for conduction of an action potential through the heart?
A. AV node, AV bundle, SA node, Purkinje fibers, bundle branches
B. Av node, bundle branches, AV bundle, SA node Purkinje fibers
C. SA node, AV node, AV bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
D. SA node, AV bundle, bundle branches, AV node, Purkinje fibers
E. SA node, AV node, Purkinje fibers, bundle branches, AV bundle |
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Definition
| C. SA node, AV node, AV bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers |
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Term
The external boundary between the atria and ventricles is the
A. Anterior interventricular sulcus
B. interventricular septum
C. Interatrial septum
D. Coronary sulcus
E. Posterior interventricular sulcus |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following are true? (1) ANS regulation of heart rate originates in the cardiovascular center of the medulla oblongata. (2) Proprioceptor input is a major stimulus that accounts for the rapid rise in the heart rate at the onset of physical activity. (3) The vagus nerves release norepinephrine, causing the heart rate to increase. (4) Hormones from the adrenal medulla and the thyroid gland can increase the heart rate. (5) Hypothermia increases the heart rate.
A. 1,2,3, and 4
B. 1,2, and 4
C. 2,3,4, and 5
D. 3,5, and 6
E. 1,2,4, and 5 |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following are true concerning action potentials and contraction in the myocardium? (1) The refractory Period in a cardiac muscle fiber is very brief. (2) The binding of Ca2+ to troponin allows the interaction of actin and myosin filaments, resulting in contraction. (3) Repolarization occurs when the voltage-gated K+ channels open and calcium channels are closing. (4) Opening of voltage-gated fast Na+ channels results in depolarization. (5) Opening of voltage-gated slow Ca2+ channels results in a period of maintained depolarization, known as the plateau.
A. 1,3, and 5
B. 2,3, and 4
C. 2 and 5
D. 3,4, and 5
E. 2,3,4, and 5 |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following would not increase stroke volume?
A. Increased Ca2+ in the interstitial fluid
B. Epinephrine
C. Increased K+ in the interstitial fluid
D. Increase in venous return
E. Slow resting heart rate |
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Definition
| C. Increased K+ in the interstitial fluid |
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Term
A softball player is found to have a resting cardiac output of 5.0 liters per minute and a heart rate of 50 beats per minute. What is her stroke volume?
A. 10 mL
B. 100 mL
C. 1000 mL
D. 250 mL
E. The information given is insufficient to calculate stroke volume.
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Indicates ventricular repolarization |
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Term
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Definition
| Represents the time from the beginning of ventricular depolarization to the end of ventricular repolarization |
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Term
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Definition
| Represents atrial depolarization |
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Term
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Definition
| Represents the time when the ventricular contractile fibers are fully depolarized; occurs during the plateau phase of the action potential |
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Term
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Definition
| Represnts the onset of ventricular depolarization |
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Term
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Definition
| Represents the conduction time from the beginning of atrial excitation to the beginning of ventricular excitation |
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Term
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Definition
| Collects oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circulation |
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Term
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Definition
| Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation |
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Term
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Definition
| Their contraction pulls on and tightens the chordae tendineae, preventing the valve cusps from everting |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Increase blood-holding capacity of the atria |
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Term
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Definition
| Tendonlike cords connected to the atrioventricular valve cusps which, along with the papillary muscles, prevent valve eversion |
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Term
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Definition
| The superficial dense irregular connective tissue covering of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| Outer layer of the serous pericardium; is fused to the fibrous pericardium |
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Term
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Definition
| Endothelial cells lining the interior of the heart; are continuous with the endothelium of the blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| Pumps oxygenated blood to all body cells, except the air sacs of the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| Prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium |
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Term
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Definition
| Collects deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation |
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Term
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Definition
| Left atrioventricular valve |
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Term
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Definition
| The remnant of the forament ovale, an opening in the interatrial septum of the fetal heart |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood vessels that pierce the heart muscle and supply the blood to cardiac muscle fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| Grooves on the surface of the heart which delineate the external boundaries between the chambers |
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Term
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Definition
| Prevent backflow of blood from the arteries into the ventricles |
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Term
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Definition
| The gap junction and demosome connections between individual cardiac muscle fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| Internal wall dividing the chambers of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| Separate the upper and lower heart chambers, preventing backflow of the blood from the ventricles back into the atria |
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Term
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Definition
| Inner visceral layer of the pericardium; adheres tightly to the surface of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| Ridges formed by raised bundles of cardiac muscle fibers |
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Term
| End-Diastolic Volume (EDV) |
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Definition
| Amount of blood contained in the ventricles at the end of ventricular relaxation |
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Term
| Isovolumetric Contraction |
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Definition
| Period of time when cardiac muscle fibers are contracting and exerting force but not shortening |
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Term
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Definition
| Amount of blood ejected per beat by each ventricle |
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Term
| End-Systolic Volume (ESV) |
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Definition
| Amount of blood remaining in the ventricles following ventricular contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| Difference between a person's maximum cardiac output and cardiac output at rest |
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Term
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Definition
| Period of time when semilunar valves are open and blood flows out of the ventricles |
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Term
Isovolumetric Relaxation
and
Isovolumetric Contraction |
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Definition
| Period when all four valves are closed and ventricular blood volume does not change |
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