Term
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Definition
Record (x-ray) of a blood vessel. |
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Term
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Definition
Surgical repair of a blood vessel. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Surgical connection between arteries |
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Term
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Definition
Process of recording (x-ray) arteries after injecting contrast material. |
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Term
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Definition
Removal of the inner lining of the artery (when it is filled with plaque). |
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Term
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Definition
Collection of fatty material in an artery |
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Term
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Definition
Hardening of arteries with deposit of fatty substance. |
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Term
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Definition
Removal of a fatty mass in a vessel. |
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Term
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Definition
Pertaining to an upper chamber of the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
Pertaining to an atrium and ventricle (upper and lower chambers of the heart). |
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Term
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Definition
Artery that branches from the aorta to bring blood to the arm |
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Term
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Definition
Enlargement of the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Condition of slow heartbeat. |
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Term
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Definition
Condition of fast heartbeat. |
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Term
|
Definition
Condition of excessive cholesterol in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
Arteries branch from the aorta to bring oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle |
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Term
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Definition
abnormal condition of bluish discoloration due to poor oxygenation of blood |
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Term
|
Definition
Benign tumor of the heart (myx/o = mucus). The tumor is embedded in soft mucoid stromal tissue. |
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Term
|
Definition
Condition of decreased oxygen in inspired air; as occurs in high altitudes |
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Term
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Definition
Surgical puncture of the membrane surrounding the heart (to remove fluid) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Inflammation of a vein with clots |
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Term
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Definition
Arrhythmia and dysrhythmia are used to describe abnormal heart rhythm |
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Term
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Definition
Instrument to measure blood pressure |
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Term
|
Definition
Instrument to examine the chest. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Surgical repair of a valve (within the heart). |
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Term
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Definition
Inflammation of the mitral valve |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Pertaining to blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Incision of a vein for phlebotomy or to start an intravenous infusion. |
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Term
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Definition
The wall separating the ventricles of the heart (lower chambers). |
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Term
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Definition
X-ray record of a blood vessel |
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Term
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Definition
Surgical repair of a blood vessel. |
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Term
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Definition
Lack of oxygen in body tissues |
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Term
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Definition
Largest artery in the body |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Without rhythm; an irregular beat of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
Surgical connection between two arteries |
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Term
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Definition
X-ray recording of arteries; contrast is injected. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Hardening of an artery with collection of fatty plaque. |
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Term
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Definition
Largest type of blood vessel |
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Term
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Definition
Removal of plaque (lipids and clots) that accumulate in the lining of an artery. |
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Term
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Definition
Mass of fatty plaque that collects in an artery. |
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Term
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Definition
Form of arteriosclerosis in which fatty plaque deposits in the interior lining of an artery |
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Term
|
Definition
Pertaining to an atrium (upper chamber of the heart). |
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Term
|
Definition
Specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting impulses between them; bundle of His. |
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Term
|
Definition
Specialized tissue in the wall between the atria. Electrical impulses pass from the sino-atrial node (pacemaker) through the atrioventricular node and atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) toward the ventricles. |
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Term
|
Definition
Upper chamber of the heart |
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Term
|
Definition
Artery that carries blood to the arm |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Gas released by body cells and carried by veins to the heart, and then to the lungs for exhalation; CO2. |
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Term
|
Definition
Shock that results from failure of the heart in its pumping action. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Branches of the aorta bringing oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. |
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Term
|
Definition
Abnormal condition of blueness of the skin; caused by decreased oxygen and increased carbon dioxide in the blood. |
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Term
|
Definition
Blood that is oxygen-poor |
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Term
|
Definition
Relaxation phase of the heartbeat |
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Term
|
Definition
Record of the electricity flowing through the heart |
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Term
|
Definition
Inner lining of the heart |
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Term
|
Definition
Innermost lining of blood vessels. |
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Term
|
Definition
High levels of cholesterol in the blood |
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Term
|
Definition
Hypoxia is deficiency of oxygen in body tissues. |
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Term
|
Definition
Wall between the ventricles of the heart. |
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Term
|
Definition
Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle; bicuspid valve. |
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Term
|
Definition
Inflammation of the mitral valve |
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Term
|
Definition
Muscular layer of the heart |
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Term
|
Definition
Rare neoplasm of connective tissue found in the heart muscle. |
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Term
|
Definition
Heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node |
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Term
|
Definition
A gas that enters the body through the lungs and travels to the heart to be distributed by arterial blood to all parts of the body. |
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Term
|
Definition
Specialized nervous tissue in the wall of the right atrium; it begins the heartbeat; sinoatrial node. |
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Term
|
Definition
Surgical puncture to remove fluid within the pericardial space surrounding the heart |
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Term
|
Definition
Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Blood vessel carrying oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs |
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Term
|
Definition
Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart. |
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Term
|
Definition
A valve located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. |
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Term
|
Definition
One of two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart. |
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Term
|
Definition
Beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries |
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Term
Septum (singular), septa (plural) |
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Definition
Wall or partition. The interatrial septum lies between the atria of the heart and the interventricular septum is between the ventricles of the heart. |
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Term
|
Definition
Sensitive nervous tissue in the wall of the right atrium; pacemaker of the heart. |
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Term
|
Definition
Instrument to measure blood pressure |
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Term
|
Definition
Instrument for listening to sounds in the chest |
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Term
|
Definition
Flow of blood from body tissues to the heart and from the heart back to the tissues |
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Term
|
Definition
Contraction phase of the heartbeat |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Inflammation of a vein and formation of a clot within the vein. |
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Term
|
Definition
A valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle. |
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Term
|
Definition
Structure in a vein or in the heart that temporarily closes an opening so that blood flows in the proper direction |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Surgical repair of a valve |
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Term
|
Definition
Pertaining to a blood vessel |
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Term
|
Definition
Narrowing of a blood vessel |
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Term
|
Definition
Widening of a blood vessel; vasodilatation. |
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Term
|
Definition
Thin-walled blood vessel that carries oxygen-poor (deoxygenated) blood from body tissues back to the heart. |
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Term
|
Definition
Largest vein in the body. The venae cavae (inferior and superior) return blood to the heart from the body tissues. |
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Term
|
Definition
Incision of a vein to remove blood |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
One of two lower chambers of the heart |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Drug that causes dilation of blood vessels and lowers blood pressure, prevents heart attacks, strokes, and congestive heart failure. ACE stands for angiotensin-converting enzyme, which normally constricts blood vessels |
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Term
|
Definition
Consequences of plaque rupture in coronary arteries; unstable angina and myocardial infarction (heart attack). |
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Term
|
Definition
Local widening or ballooning out of a small area of an artery. |
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Term
|
Definition
Chest pain associated with myocardial ischemia. |
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Term
|
Definition
X-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material. |
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Term
|
Definition
Failure of conduction of impulses from the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle and ventricles of the heart. |
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Term
|
Definition
Electrical impulses move randomly throughout the atria, causing the atria to quiver instead of contracting with a normal rhythm |
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Term
|
Definition
Use of a stethoscope to listen for sounds emanating from the heart or other organs |
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Term
|
Definition
Drug used to treat high blood pressure and control heart rate. |
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Term
|
Definition
An abnormal blowing or swishing sound heard on auscultation of an artery or an organ. |
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Term
|
Definition
Drug used to treat chest pain (angina) and high blood pressure (hypertension). |
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Term
|
Definition
Sudden, unexpected stoppage of the heart; sudden cardiac death |
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Term
|
Definition
Chemicals that are measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attack. Examples are creatine kinase (CK), troponin-I (cTnI), and troponin T (cTnT). |
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Term
|
Definition
Thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery and after contrast material is introduced, blood pressure is measured, and x-rays taken to image patterns of blood flow. |
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Term
|
Definition
Images of the heart are produced with magnetic waves. |
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Term
|
Definition
Pressure on the heart caused by fluid in the pericardial space. |
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Term
|
Definition
Treatment for serious arrhythmias using brief discharges of electricity to shock the heart so that a normal rhythm can begin; defibrillation |
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Term
|
Definition
Brief delivery of radiofrequency or cryoenergy to destroy areas of heart tissue that may be causing arrhythmias. |
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Term
|
Definition
Pain, tension, and weakness in a leg after walking has begun, but absence of pain at rest |
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Term
|
Definition
Congenital anomaly in which a portion of the aorta near the heart is narrowed or stenosed. |
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|
Term
Computerized tomography angiography |
|
Definition
X-ray images are combined with computerized tomography to produce a three-dimensional picture of the heart and blood vessels. |
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Term
|
Definition
Structural heart defects that appear at birth |
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Term
|
Definition
Heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood. |
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Term
|
Definition
Arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle become clogged and blocked with deposits of fatty material and cholesterol (plaque). |
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|
Term
Coronary artery bypass grafting |
|
Definition
Arteries or veins are grafted onto coronary arteries to bypass blocked arteries and bring need blood supply to the myocardium. |
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Term
|
Definition
Blood clots form in a large vein, usually in the leg |
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Term
|
Definition
Brief discharges of electricity are applied across the chest to stop dysrhythmias. |
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Term
|
Definition
Drug that increases the strength and regularity of the heartbeat |
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|
Term
Digital subtraction angiography |
|
Definition
Video equipment, computer and x-ray machine produce images of blood vessels before and after injecting contrast material. |
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Term
|
Definition
Method of focusing sound waves on blood vessels to measure blood flow. |
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Term
|
Definition
High-energy sound waves are transmitted into the chest and images recorded of valves, chambers, surfaces and movement of the heart. |
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Term
|
Definition
Process of recording the electricity flowing through the heart. |
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|
Term
Electron beam computed tomography |
|
Definition
Electron beams and CT identify calcium deposits in and around coronary arteries to diagnose early coronary artery disease |
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Term
|
Definition
A clot or other substance that travels to a distant location and suddenly blocks a blood vessel. |
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Term
|
Definition
Surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery. |
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Term
|
Definition
Inflammation of the endocardium (inner lining of the heart). |
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|
Term
Extracorporeal circulation |
|
Definition
Use of a heart-lung machine to divert blood from the heart and lungs during open heart surgery |
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Term
|
Definition
Random, rapid, inefficient, irregular contractions of the atria or ventricles. |
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Term
|
Definition
Rapid, but regular contractions of the heart, usually of the atria |
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Term
|
Definition
Donor heart is transferred to a recipient |
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Term
|
Definition
Swollen, twisted veins in the rectal and anal region |
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Term
|
Definition
Compact version of an electrocardiograph is worn during a 24-hour period to detect cardiac arrhythmias |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator |
|
Definition
Small electric device implanted inside the chest (near the collarbone) to sense arrhythmias and terminate them to restore normal sinus rhythm. |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Holding back blood to an region of the body. Myocardial ischemia is deprivation of blood to the heart muscle |
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|
Term
Left ventricular assist device |
|
Definition
Booster pump implanted in the abdomen with a tube inserted into the left ventricle. An LVAD is a “bridge to transplant” or destination therapy when heart transplantation is impossible |
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Term
|
Definition
Measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides (fats) in a sample of blood. |
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|
Term
Lipoprotein electrophoresis |
|
Definition
Lipoproteins (combinations of fat and protein) are physically separated in a blood sample. Examples of lipoproteins are HDL (high density lipoprotein) and LDL (low density lipoprotein). |
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Term
|
Definition
Narrowing of the mitral valve |
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Term
|
Definition
Abnormal closure of the mitral valve so that blood refluxes backward into the left atrium during ventricular contraction |
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Term
|
Definition
Extra sound heard between normal beats during auscultation of the heart. |
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Term
|
Definition
Area of dead (necrotic) tissue in the heart muscle; heart attack. |
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Term
|
Definition
Drug used in the treatment of angina (pectoris). It dilates coronary arteries so that more blood flows to heart muscle. |
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Term
|
Definition
Blockage or closure of a vessel or tube. |
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Term
|
Definition
Uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to cardiac arrhythmias, such as skipped beats |
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Term
|
Definition
The ductus arteriosus, a small duct that is open during fetal circulation, fails to close at birth |
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|
Term
Percutaneous coronary intervention |
|
Definition
A catheter with a balloon and stent is inserted into a coronary artery to remove collections of plaque. Drug-eluting stents release chemicals to keep debris and plaque from recollecting. |
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Term
|
Definition
Scraping or grating sound heard on auscultation of the heart. It is usually symptomatic of pericarditis |
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Term
|
Definition
Inflammation of the pericardium (double-layered outermost membrane of the heart). |
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|
Term
Peripheral arterial disease |
|
Definition
Blockage of arteries carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys, and other organs.. |
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Term
|
Definition
Small pinpoint hemorrhages under the skin. |
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|
Term
Positron emission tomography (PET) scan |
|
Definition
Images show blood flow and myocardial function following uptake of radioactive substances |
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Term
|
Definition
Recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis in fingers and toes caused by blood vessel spasms. |
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Term
|
Definition
Heart disease caused by rheumatic fever |
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Term
|
Definition
Small holes, present at birth, in the walls between the heart chambers. |
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Term
|
Definition
Drugs given to lower cholesterol in the bloodstream. |
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Term
|
Definition
Exercise tolerance test (ETT) is used to determine the heart’s response to physical exertion |
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Term
|
Definition
Continuous monitoring of a patient’s heart rhythm in a hospital. |
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Term
|
Definition
Four separate defects of the heart occurring at birth |
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|
Term
Technetium 99m sestamibi scan |
|
Definition
Uptake of a radioactive chemical (technetium 99m sestamibi) in myocardium reveals evidence of a heart attack (myocardial infarction). |
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Term
|
Definition
Concentration of a radioactive substance (thallium 201) is measured in the myocardium to show evidence of an infarction (“cold spots”). |
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Term
|
Definition
Fine vibration felt on palpation (touching) the body over a blood vessel that is blocked. |
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Term
|
Definition
Injection of drugs (streptokinase and tPA) to dissolve clots in the bloodstream. |
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Term
|
Definition
Blockage of a blood vessel caused by thrombosis or clot formation. |
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Term
|
Definition
Swollen, twisted veins, often occurring in the legs |
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Term
|
Definition
Collections of clotted material that accumulate on endocardium and valves of the heart in conditions such as endocarditis and rheumatic heart disease. |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
yellowish plaque, fatty substance |
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Term
|
Definition
atrium, upper chamber of heart |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
ventricle, lower chamber of heart |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
bradycardia and heart block |
|
Definition
failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) |
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Term
|
Definition
rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria |
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|
Term
|
Definition
very rapid, random, inefficient and irregular contractions of the heart (350 beats or more per minute) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
abnormalities in the heart at birth |
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|
Term
Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
passageway between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open after birth |
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|
Term
|
Definition
small holes in the wall between the atria or the ventricles |
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Term
|
Definition
congenital malformation involving four distinct heart defects |
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|
Term
congestive heart failure (CHF) |
|
Definition
heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood |
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|
Term
coronary artery disease (CAD) |
|
Definition
disease of the arteries surrounding the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart |
|
|
Term
hypertensive heart disease |
|
Definition
high blood pressure affecting the heart |
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|
Term
mitral valve prolapse (MVP) |
|
Definition
improper closure of the mitral valve |
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|
Term
|
Definition
heart disease caused by rheumatic fever |
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|
Term
deep vein thrombosis (DVT) |
|
Definition
blood clot (thrombus) forms in a large vein, ususally in a lower limb |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes |
|
|
Term
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor |
|
Definition
antihypertensive drug that blocks conversion of angiotension I to angiotension II, causing blood vessels to dilate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
device enabling ventricles to beat together so more blood is pumped out of heart |
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|
Term
|
Definition
drug used to treat angina and hypertension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
drugs used in treatment of angina |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Measurement of BNP (brain natriuretic peptide) in blood |
|
|
Term
3 major types of blood vessels in body? |
|
Definition
arteries, veins, and capillaries |
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Term
|
Definition
arteries--lead blood away from the heart. The arteries have to be strong to withstand the pressure of the pumping action of the heart. Their walls are elastic and allow them to expand. Arteries turn into smaller arteries called arterioles that carry the blood to the capillaries. Arteries are made up of connective tissue and epithelial cells. |
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Term
|
Definition
carry blood between arteries and veins. Their walls are only one epithelial cell thick. The thin walls allow for the passage of oxygen and nutrients out of the bloodstream and into the tissue fluid surrounding the cells. |
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Term
|
Definition
take blood towards the heart and away from the tissues. Veins carry waste-filled blood. The blood pressure is lower in the veins than in the arteries. The veins have little valves in order to keep the blood moving toward the heart. |
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|
Term
what is systemic circulation? |
|
Definition
Systemic circulation is the circulation from the cells to the heart and back to the cells (leaving out the lungs). |
|
|
Term
what is pulmonary circulation? |
|
Definition
Pulmonary circulation is the circulation from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart. |
|
|
Term
what is the path of blood thru heart? |
|
Definition
Blood enters the right atrium by way of the superior and inferior venae cavae. From the right atrium, the blood passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. The blood travels through the pulmonary valve (or semilunar valve) through the pulmonary artery to the lungs. Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. The blood leaves the lungs and enters the left side of the heart by way of the pulmonary vein. The blood goes through the left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, and leaves the heart through the aorta (largest artery in the body). |
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|
Term
what is separating the 4 chambers of the heart? |
|
Definition
The four chambers of the heart are separated by the muscular partitions called septa. (singular - septum). The interatrial septum separates the two atria and the interventricular septum is between the two ventricles. |
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|
Term
what are the three layers of the heart? |
|
Definition
The three layers of the heart are the endocardium (smooth and lines the heart), the myocardium (thick muscular layer) and the pericardium (outermost layer). The pericardium has two layers, the visceral pericardium and parietal pericardium (also called the epicardium). The pericardium holds the heart in place. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
relaxation phase of the heart. The right and left atrium fill up with blood. At the end of diastole, both atria contract and send blood into the ventricles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
contraction phase of the heart. Ventricles are pumping out. The right ventricle is going to the pulmonary artery to the lung. The left ventricle is going to the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
In the right atrium in the back is specialized muscle tissue. This is where the electrical impulse originates. This is called the sinoatrial node (pacemaker of the heart). This causes the walls of the atria to contract and the blood is pushed into the ventricles (end of diastole). |
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|
Term
how can you detect if the heart is beating properly? |
|
Definition
The waves of electricity pass from the sinoatrial node to the atrioventricular node. This is found in the interatrial septum. The atrioventricular node carries the wave to a place deep in the ventricle wall called the bundle of His. The wave goes to all parts of the ventricles and causes them to contract (systole). An electrocardiogram detects the electrical changes in the heart muscle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
instrument to measure blood pressure. Taken on the main artery (brachial) of the arm. |
|
|
Term
what is the job of the two coronary arteries? |
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Definition
Coronary arteries are two large vessels arising from the aorta. The heart feeds itself before any other organ. |
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deposits of fatty compounds that causes the lining of the arteries to be rough and inflexible. When blood flow is entirely stopped, it leads to an infarction. When the tissue dies because of lack of blood, it becomes ischemic. |
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Transaminase is an enzyme that is released from the myocardium during a heart attack. The levels rise 20 times normal in the bloodstream within 24 hours of a heart attack. |
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rapid, regular heartbeat. |
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blood-filled pouches that burst from weak spots in the artery wall. |
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defective artery in the brain bursts, flooding surrounding tissue with blood. |
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a wandering clot is carried in bloodstream until it gets stuck in an artery leading to the brain. |
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