Term
|
Definition
| clotting of blood in an unbroken vessel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| clot, air,or fat transported by the blood stream |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| immature cells that are eventually capable of developing into mature blood cells |
|
|
Term
tunica interna(endothelium internal
media middle
externa(adventia) external |
|
Definition
| Three layers of artery (tunics), inner diameter is lumen |
|
|
Term
| arteries are thicker and more muscular |
|
Definition
| compare walls of arteries to veins |
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|
Term
elasticity- expand for extra blood
contractility- recoil/thrust fwd
vasoconstriction- decrease lumen
vasodilation- increase lumen, decrease resistance and increase flow |
|
Definition
define properties of arteries:
elasticity
contractility
vasoconstriction
vasodilation |
|
|
Term
elastic- conducting arteries, aorta, subclavian, thin walled, more elastic than muscular
muscular- medium sized, brachial/radial, more muscle, greated ability to dilate/constrict |
|
Definition
| 2 types of arteries. describe elastic and muscular |
|
|
Term
| arterioles. major regulator of BP and blood flow, smooth muscle contracts like rings |
|
Definition
| between arteries and capillaries, major function of these |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| connect arterioles to venules. near every cell in the body, more in highly active organs, muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
type of blood vessel made of a single layer of squamous epithelial cells.
surrounding basement membrane gives support |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| branch of arterioles, flow straight through to venules. Thoroughfare channel. no smooth muscle. allows sustained blood flow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rises from arterioles or metarterioles. indirect route from arteriole to venule. controlled by precapillary sphincters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| these constrict to reduce bloodflow to the true capillaries |
|
|
Term
| post-capillary sphincters |
|
Definition
| regulates flow of blood OUT of the capillary bed |
|
|
Term
| metarteriole (thoroughfare channel)doesn't have sphincters, travels directly from arteriole to venule |
|
Definition
| how is blood flow maintained if capilary sphincters contracted? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formed by several capillaries joining together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| composed of same layers as arteries. Externa is thickest. Has collagen and elastic fibers. |
|
|
Term
slow and even
skeletal muscle
contains semilunar valves to prevent backflow |
|
Definition
| describe bloodflow in veins, what aids flow, internal object veins have that arteries don't |
|
|
Term
L/R coronary arteries
sinus of valsalva |
|
Definition
| first 2 arteries coming off aorta. what is this area called? |
|
|
Term
| brachiocephalic(innominate artery), L. common carotid, L. subclavian |
|
Definition
| 3 arteries coming off aortic arch |
|
|
Term
external carotid- external scalp/face
internal carotid- right side of brain |
|
Definition
| common carotid splits into these. what do they supply |
|
|
Term
| Left Internal Mammary Artery. Subclavian. |
|
Definition
| LIMA means what? where does it branch from? |
|
|
Term
| Bronchial tubes, visceral pleurae, bronchial lymph nodes, esophagus |
|
Definition
| Bronchial arteries branch off Thoracic Aorta supplying 4 areas |
|
|
Term
| chest wall muscles, overlying subQ tissues, mammary glands, vertebral canal |
|
Definition
| Intercostal Arteries supply 4 areas |
|
|
Term
common hepatic- liver, gallbladder,
stomach
L.Gastric artery- stomach, esophagus
Splenic artery- spleen, pancreas, tail of stomach, greater omentum |
|
Definition
Celiac Trunk of Aorta=supply what?
Common hepatic
Left Gastric artery
Splenic artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arteries supply what? suprarenal arteries & renal arteries |
|
|
Term
pancreas, small intestine, Ascending/transverse colon
transverse/descending/sigmoid colon, rectum |
|
Definition
superior mesenteric arteries
inferior mesenteric arteries |
|
|
Term
External to femoral
Internal- bladder, rectum, prostate, vagina/uterus, gluteal muscles, medial aspect of thighs |
|
Definition
| Internal/External arteries |
|
|
Term
pa-femur
behind the knee
top of foot, medial side |
|
Definition
profunda artery
popliteal artery location
dorsalis pedis location |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| VEINS. formed by L/R subclavian veins. blood from superior portion of body to heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| VEINS. returns blood from inferior portion of body to heart. Renal, Iliac, Femoral veins |
|
|
Term
| Internal/External Jugular, Axillary, Brachial, Median Cubital, Accessory Cephalic, Median Antebrachial, Cephalic |
|
Definition
| VEINS. drain into subclavian. IJ, EJ, Ax, B, MC, AC, MA, C veins |
|
|
Term
Hepatic Portal Vein
Splenic Vein
Superior Mesenteric Vein |
|
Definition
| HEPATIC FLOW.Blood from digestive system organs enter into HPV by way of SV and SMV. Exits liver via the IVC. Blood supplied to liver via HA. |
|
|
Term
Internal Carotid Arteries
Vertebral Arteries
Basilar Artery |
|
Definition
| CEREBRAL FLOW. Brain is most metabolically active organ. Supplied by ICAs and VA joining to form BA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Formed by union of basilar artery(2 joined vertebral arteries) & 2 internal carotid arteries. Helps provide adequate circulation through its anastomoses |
|
|
Term
Cardiac Output.
High to Low.
100mmHg |
|
Definition
| BLOOD PRESSURE. Generated by CO. Pressure gradient, flows from H to L pressure. Aorta pressure XXX mmHg. |
|
|
Term
Viscosity
vessel Length
vessel Radius |
|
Definition
| 3 factors causing bloodflow resistance. Depends on V,L,R |
|
|
Term
Cardiac Output = Stroke Vol x Heart Rate
Blood Pressure = CO x Peripheral Resistance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Directly
Directly
Inversely
Directly |
|
Definition
Affect BP directly or indirectly?
Viscosity- resistance is X proportional
Vessel Length - X proportional
Vessel Radius - X proportional
Cardiac Output- X proportional |
|
|
Term
Cardiac Output
Blood Volume
Peripheral Vascular Resistance |
|
Definition
3 factors controlling BP?
CO - varies directly w BP
BV - directly w BP, 5 LITERS
PVR -arterioles, vasomotor center |
|
|
Term
medulla, maintains vessel diameter
pressure receptors in carotid sinus and aortic arch, msg to medulla for BP |
|
Definition
Vasomotor center? where/what
Baroreceptors? where/what |
|
|
Term
in carotids and aorta
increases BP and respirations when CO2 drops. also sensitive to O2, H+ |
|
Definition
Chemoreceptors.
where?
Sensitive to what? |
|
|
Term
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
epi and norepi
Antidiuretic Hormone
Parathyroid Hormone |
|
Definition
Hormonal regulation of BP.
RAAS
E and NE
ADH
PTH |
|
|
Term
5%
Diffusion, Vesicular Transport, Bulk Flow |
|
Definition
X% of capillary blood does bulk of material exchange with tissues.
3 ways exchage takes place. D/VT/BF |
|
|
Term
Blood Hydrostatic Pressure
Interstitial Fluid Osmotic Pressre |
|
Definition
| bulk flow due to BHP & IFOP |
|
|
Term
| filtration through cap membranes dependent on difference between pressure from blood on membranes and osmotic pressure of the membranes. NET effect of these opposing pressures determines rate of flow |
|
Definition
| Starling's Law of the capillaries |
|
|
Term
capillaries
outward, interstitial
Interstitial Fluid Osmotic Pressure |
|
Definition
BLOOD HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE:
pressure within the _____
Attempts to force fluid ____into ____interstital place
Opposes IFO pressure |
|
|
Term
interstitial
Blood Colloidal Osmotic Pressure
Zero |
|
Definition
INTERSTITIAL FLUID HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
pressure of the ____space
force fluid from interstitial space to capillaries
opposes BCO Pressure
Typical pressure is close to ___
difficult to measure |
|
|
Term
Blood Hydrostatic pressure
Interstitial Fluid osmotic pressure |
|
Definition
| 2 factors affecting Bulk Flow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Disruption between filtration and reabsorption can cause _____. |
|
|
Term
| small blood vessels have greater resistance. |
|
Definition
Greater resistance to bloodflow? large or small blood vessels?
Elasticity of arteries produce rebound sustained flow in diastole due to elasticity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term for smooth, steady flow. All particles have same speed, but friction at vessel wall causes cells at wall to drag behind |
|
|
Term
TURBULENT FLOW
results in bruit (vascular murmur) |
|
Definition
Type of Flow:
Disparity in laminar flow
Several causes:
Narrowing: stenosis, plaque
Shunt: AV fistula
Dilation (aneurysm)
Increased metabolism or CO |
|
|
Term
End-diastolic volume (preload)
Stroke Volume
Cardiac Output
Gravity
Tension Pneumothorax/Pericardial Tamponade |
|
Definition
If venous return to the heart is hindered:
EDV (P)drops
S volume decreases
CO decreases
G (NUMBER 1 FACTOR)
Increased Chest Pressure: TP or PT |
|
|
Term
Skeletal Muscle
Negative
Right
Blood Volume |
|
Definition
Factors Promote Venous Return
Contraction of SM
N inspiratory pressure in chest
R Ventricular relaxation
BV |
|
|
Term
| Transport! O2, CO2, Nutrients & Electrolytes, Hormones, Heat, Waste Products |
|
Definition
Primary function of blood is to?
Also regulates pH, body temperature. |
|
|
Term
3
100.4
7.35 - 7.45
4-6 liters
8% |
|
Definition
Blood Viscosity: ? x that of H2O
Temp: X degrees F
pH: 7.x - 7.x
volume x - x liters
X% of bodyweight |
|
|
Term
| straw colored, wo clotting factors is serum, plasma proteins formed in liver, 91.5% water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ALBUMIN: osmotic pressure
GLOBULIN:transports lipids, immunity with gamma globulins
FIBRINOGEN: hemostasis |
|
Definition
3 types of plasma proteins:
A
F
G |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| TERM FOR PRODUCTION OF BLOOD CELLS |
|
|
Term
erythrocytes rbc
leukocytes wbc
thrombocytes platelets |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| straw colored, wo clotting factors is serum, plasma proteins formed in liver, 91.5% water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ALBUMIN: osmotic pressure
GLOBULIN:transports lipids, immunity with gamma globulins
FIBRINOGEN: hemostasis |
|
Definition
3 types of plasma proteins:
A
F
G |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| TERM FOR PRODUCTION OF BLOOD CELLS |
|
|
Term
erythrocytes rbc
leukocytes wbc
thrombocytes platelets |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| straw colored, wo clotting factors is serum, plasma proteins formed in liver, 91.5% water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ALBUMIN: osmotic pressure
GLOBULIN:transports lipids, immunity with gamma globulins
FIBRINOGEN: hemostasis |
|
Definition
3 types of plasma proteins:
A
F
G |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| TERM FOR PRODUCTION OF BLOOD CELLS |
|
|
Term
erythrocytes rbc
leukocytes wbc
thrombocytes platelets |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| straw colored, wo clotting factors is serum, plasma proteins formed in liver, 91.5% water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ALBUMIN: osmotic pressure
GLOBULIN:transports lipids, immunity with gamma globulins
FIBRINOGEN: hemostasis |
|
Definition
3 types of plasma proteins:
A
F
G |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| TERM FOR PRODUCTION OF BLOOD CELLS |
|
|
Term
erythrocytes rbc
leukocytes wbc
thrombocytes platelets |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
99%
Erythropoiesis
hemoglobin
23% |
|
Definition
RBCs. % of formed elements?
formation called E____
O2 carrying portion?
% of CO2 it carries?
Biconcave shape
live for 120 days |
|
|
Term
hematocrit
M 42-52%
F 35-45% |
|
Definition
% of RBC in blood
+ with IV fluids
+ with dehydration, polycythemia |
|
|
Term
hemoglobin
M 14-16.5gm/dl
F 12-15 gm/dl |
|
Definition
active carrying sites of O2 on RBC
each molecule can carry 4 O2 molecules
2 alpha 2 beta chains |
|
|
Term
granular leukocytes: Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil
agranular leukocytes: Lymphocytes, Monocytes |
|
Definition
Leukocytes: Explain BEN LM.
Live months to years. 500-1000/ml |
|
|
Term
| pinkish, Lobed, Bacteria. 54-62% |
|
Definition
Neutrophils: Fine P granules. L nucleus 2-5parts). Phagocytosis of SMALLER B.
Range: %-% of WBC |
|
|
Term
| Reddish, Bi-lobed. Allergic Reactions. Histamine. Parasitic. Inflammation. 1-3% |
|
Definition
| Eosinophils: Coarsh R granules. B nucleus. Combat AR (fights H). P infections, Controls I. %-% of WBC |
|
|
Term
| Blue. Bi-lobed. Histamine, Anticoagulants, Heparin. 1% |
|
Definition
| Basophil: Deep B stained granules. B nucleus. Releases H, A, H. Less than % of WBC. |
|
|
Term
| nucleus, cytoplasm, lymphatics, B & T cells, 25-33% |
|
Definition
| Lymphocyte: agranulocyte. Smaller cell with relatively larger N. Thin layer of C. Can move in/out of L. Immunity (2 cell types) %-% WBC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Monocytes. L cells in blood, Varied nuclei shape. Phagocytosis of LARGER bacteria. %-% WBC |
|
|
Term
| 10, Fraction, 250-400, clotting |
|
Definition
| Platelets: X day life span. Oval. Just a F of a cell. X-X level in blood. Contains chemicals for C. |
|
|
Term
| Megakaryocytes, platelets |
|
Definition
| M are giant cells with edges that break off to form P. |
|
|
Term
Hemostasis
Vascular Spasm
Platelet Plug Formation
Coagulation |
|
Definition
Stoppage of bleeding is H. 3 mechanisms:
VS
PPF
C |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 clotting pathways: I & E. |
|
|
Term
Extrinsic. Vessel Trauma. Platelets.
Collagen, platelet factors, attract, aggragate |
|
Definition
| E pathway: due to VT, activation of P. Exposed C binds/activates platelets. PF are released. Factors A more platelets. Platelets A into platelet plug. |
|
|
Term
thromboplastin Factor
catalyzes, Ca++, thrombin
fibrin monomers, Ca++
FM, fibrin, fibrin stablizing factors, activated platelets |
|
Definition
Tissue TF converts to prothrombin VII. prothrombin C with C, making T. Thrombin converted to F M by C.
FM to F threads by FSF from AP
Stable FT trap AP, RBC, WBC |
|
|
Term
F=Factor, kinogen, Ca++
Ca++, Prothrombinase
Prothrombinase, prothrombin, Ca++
Prothrombin, Thrombin, Ca++ |
|
Definition
INTRINSIC pathway, due to blood trauma. FXII and K produce FXI. FXI to FX by C.
FX,FV,FVIII catalyze with C to make P
P to P by C
P to T by C. rest of pathway same as extrinsic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
F= prevents clots from growing to large
When a clot is formed, an inactive plasma enzymed (P) is incorporated into the clot |
|
|
Term
Plasmin. Fibrinolysin.
Thrombin, Activated FactorXII
Tissue Plaminogen Activator |
|
Definition
Blood and tissues contain substances that can turn plasminOGEN into active form P. Also called F.
3 examples of substances: T, AFXII, tPa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Plasmin can digest F threads and inactivate several clotting factors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| M = Mass of tissue between lungs. Extends betwen sternum and spine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A = pointed, inferior end of heart formed by tip of the left ventricle |
|
|
Term
Thebesian valve
Coronary sulcus
myocardium
endocardium
pericardium
epicardium |
|
Definition
TV = valve of the coronary sinus
CS = separates atrium from ventricles
externally
M = middle, muscular layer of heart
E = lines inside of heart,
valves/tendons connect to it
P = loose-fitting membrane covering
heart
E = outer layer of heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
C = affecting heart rate
I = altering force of contractions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| HEART: 2/3 lies to X of midline, heart lies at X degrees in chest down/fwd/left |
|
|
Term
| Anterior, Posterior, Diaphragmatic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
5-50ml, pericardial fluid
Visceral= continuous w epicardial layer
Parietal= outer layer, fibrous sac |
|
Definition
Pericardium: tough, fibrous sac
contains x to x ml of PF
2 layers: V & P |
|
|
Term
| Friction, Anchor, Inflammation, OverExpansion |
|
Definition
Pericardium Functions:
Reduce F, helps A the heart in chest, protects against I, helps resist acute OE with volume changes |
|
|
Term
Thin Walled, Weak
Atrial Septum, Foramen Ovale |
|
Definition
Atrial walls: TW with W contractions
AS open during fetal life FO |
|
|
Term
Right Atrium, IVC, SVC, Coronary Sinus
Pulmonary veins |
|
Definition
RA receives blood from IVC, SVC, CS
LA receives blood from 4 PV |
|
|
Term
interatrial, Atria, Endocardial
interventricular, Ventricles, 95,5. |
|
Definition
SEPTUMS. IA septum between 2 A. Made of E tissue.
Iv septum between 2 V. Made of % muscle, % fibrous. |
|
|
Term
atrioventricular.
atria, ventricles
Circumflex, Coronary sinus
AV, IV |
|
Definition
Coronary Sulcus: or AV sulcus. Externally separates __from___.
Encircles the heart.
Houses the C artery and CS.
Crux is where ____sulcus & ___sulcus meet |
|
|
Term
LV, RV
LAD runs down anterior, PDCA down posterior. Great Cardiac Vein |
|
Definition
Ventricular Sulcus: Separates externally the ___ from ___
2 coronary arteries and a vein run over it |
|
|
Term
Chordea Tendineae (connected to papillary muscles)
prolapsing |
|
Definition
CT = 80% collagen, 20% elastin/endothelial cells
Prevents P of the AV valves leaflets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IMPORTANT: # of leaflets/cusps on SL valves. Valves open/close due to PD in valves/vessels |
|
|
Term
Left Anterior Descending. Circumflex Artery. IV Sulcus. Septal Perforators.
AV sulcus. Obtuse Marginal arteries |
|
Definition
| LEFT CORONARY ARTERY: branches into XXX & XX. LAD runs down X branching into X. Circumflex runs around X branching into X for posterior heart |
|
|
Term
| sinus of Valsalva. AV. Crux. Conus, SA, PDCA |
|
Definition
RCA. Starts at right SofV, travels around XXsulcus to the X
Branches into 1st, 2nd arteries, XX branch, XXXX arteries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ventricles receive blood from branches of L/R coronary arteries. Atria, in contrast, get blood only from a small branch of corresponding artery |
|
|
Term
Septal Perforators. Diagonal Arteries.
lateral aspects of myocardium and posteromedial papillary muscle. |
|
Definition
| branches of LAD. XX supply blood to ANTERIOR ASPECT of IV septum. Circumflex branches into X. they supply 2 areas. |
|
|
Term
| Dominant side also supplies inferior aspect of the IVS and posterior LV. Posterior IVS and Post. LV supplied by RCA & L. circumflex arteries. |
|
Definition
| Coronary Dominance: 85% R side, can tell by which artery covers posterior IV sulcus and supplies crux |
|
|
Term
| SA Node, Intra-Atrial Tracts, AV Junction, Bundle of His, R/L Bundle Branches, Purkinje System |
|
Definition
Conduction system:
XX node, IAT, XXjunction, XofX,
X and X bundles branches, X system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
SA Node: X bpm
AV Node: X bpm
Purkinje fibers: terminal projections into M, X bpm |
|
|
Term
0.1 sec
AV
Ventricular Systole
R |
|
Definition
1st Heart Sound:S1 "lub"
Occurs X seconds into cardiac cycle
Represents closure of X valves
Onset of X X
Fall on X wave |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
2nd Heart Sound: S2 "dub"
closure of X valves
falls on X wave
start of VD |
|
|
Term
Diastolic, Ventricles
Heart Failure, Ventricular Incompetence
Ventricular Gallop |
|
Definition
3rd Heart Sound: S3
D sound made by rapid filling of V
Sign of HF or VI
occurs before X wave just after S2
X X rhythm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
4th Heart Sound: S4
PreX sound from strong contraction of atria against a stiffened X
just after "P" wave before S1 |
|
|
Term
A 2nd ic space sternal border S2
P 2nd ic space sternal border S2
T 4th ic space sternal border S1
M 5th ic space midclavicular S1,S3,S4 |
|
Definition
Best for heart sound?
All
Physicians
Take
Money |
|
|
Term
Thrill, bruit
faint. louder, stronger towards 6. |
|
Definition
Murmurs: sustained noise throughout Systole, Diastole, or both.
May be linked to a X, a PALPABLE vibration from turbulent flow. If whooshing sound HEARD within vessel, called a X. Murmurs graded 1-6 with 1 being X? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Narrows valves not opening properly are X, valves failing to close properly are X. |
|
|
Term
Arterial septal defect
Ventricular septal defect
patent ductus arteriosus |
|
Definition
INTRA-CARDIAC SHUNT:
ASD
VSD
PDA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Systolic murmurs.
SL open. murmurs here due to:
AV closed. murmurs here due to: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Diastolic murmrus.
SL closed. murmurs here from:
AV open. murmurs here from: |
|
|
Term
| Reduced Diastolic Filling: also referred to as DIASTASIS. A & V pressure slowly(+) w slow filling of ventricles. Coronary blood flow is OPTIMAL. This Subphase occurs during T-P interval |
|
Definition
| Rapid Diastolic filling(70%) is passive. AV open, blood rushes in. A & V pressure (-) until V less than A. occurs during EKG T-P interval. "V" wave of the atrial tracing. |
|
|
Term
| ISOVOLUMETRIC Contraction. Contraction (+) pressure in ventricle, BUT no change in volume, ALL valves are closed. V pressure must exceed A pressure to open SL valves. 2/3 of O2 use, after QRS, "c" on atrial tracing |
|
Definition
| Atrial Systole or Atrial Kick. 15-30% of diastolic ventricular filling. Lost in disrhythmias AF/Afib. Occurs after P wave, "a" wave of atrial tracing |
|
|
Term
Atrial Tissue. SA shortest, AV longest
Ventricular Tissue. Bundle Branches shortest, Ventricular muscle longest. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HR, age, electrolytes, medications |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Athlete, AMI,
Conduction system fibrosis(sick sinus syndrome)
Meds: opiates, BB, CBB, Dig, Organophosphates, sleep, vagal stim
Increased ICP, hypothermia, hypothyroidism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Atropine: 0.5mg q3-5min to max of 0.04mg/kg (3mg MAX)
Transcutaneous Pacing
Dopamine, start 5mcg/kg/min infusion
Epinephrine 2-10mcg/min |
|
Definition
| Tx for SYMPTOMATIC BRADYCARDIA |
|
|
Term
stress, hypovolemia, hypoxia
exercise, anemia, fever, toxins
MI, ischemia, HF, Hyperthyroidism, Inflammatory heart disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Identify and Tx cause:
IV fluid replacement, O2, antipyretics
analgesic, blood transfusion
beta blockers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
normal variation by changing sym and parasym stim during breathing.
older patient with sick sinus syndrome
Digitalis Toxicity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Usually none. Symptoms would usually come from underlying brady rate.
Tx accordingly. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Fibrodegenerative changes(sick sinus syndrome)
Ischemia of SA Node from RCA ischemia
Vagal Stimulation
Inflammatory Heart Disease
Electrolyte imbalance(sinus arrest)
Mg or K
Digitalis toxicity |
|
Definition
| Sinus Pause/Arrest causes |
|
|
Term
Infrequent/asymptomatic...no Tx.
Stop causative medications
Atropine 0.5mg q3-5min or epinephrine infusion
Pacemaker possible for pauses over 2.5sec |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
100-130
usually irregular
3 or more morphologies
varies with P wave morph
normal
normal |
|
Definition
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia MAT
Rate
Rhythm
P wave
PRI
QRS
P:QRS |
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Term
3 different P wave morphs
Pacemaker in SA, atria, or AV sites
Often mistaken for A-fib |
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Definition
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Term
Sympathetic
Electrolytes
Digitalis
usual 3: ischemia, inflammation, dilating diseases |
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Definition
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Term
Tx underlying disease, usually lung disease and hypoxemia
End drugs like beta agonists, methylxanthines
Avoid B2 blockers in lung disease
Mg or K could help even if levels are normal
Verapamil usually choice(5-10mg,IV, repeated until 20mg)
Not a reentrant beat so digoxin/cardioversion not effective |
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Definition
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Term
| Any cardiac arrest characterized by organized electrical activity on the EKG monitor without a pulse |
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Definition
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