Term
|
Definition
| Supplies the right ventricle and forms the posterior descending artery |
|
|
Term
| Right coronary artery perfusion |
|
Definition
| Perfuses the right side of the heart: inferior portion and the curves around to perfuse the posterior portion |
|
|
Term
Right coronary artery
Percentages |
|
Definition
55% of people have the S-A node supplied by this artery
90% of people have the A-V node supplied by this artery |
|
|
Term
Left main coronary artery
Percentages |
|
Definition
45% of people have the S-A node supplied by this artery
10% of people have the A-V node supplied by this artery |
|
|
Term
| Left main coronary artery |
|
Definition
Hides behind the pulmonary artery
Divides off into 2 large branches |
|
|
Term
| Left main coronary artery branches |
|
Definition
Left anterior descending
Circumflex |
|
|
Term
| Left anterior descending artery (LAD) |
|
Definition
| Perfuses the anterior part of the heart and covers a main portion of the left ventricle and apex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Circles around to the back and supplies the left lateral wall of the left ventricle and some of the posterior part. |
|
|
Term
| Contraction of myocardial cells in response to the movement of ions across the cell membrane: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Resting state of myocardial cells following contraction: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
PEA: pulseless electrical activity
Define
Causes |
|
Definition
Myocardium cannot respond to the electrical impulse
May be caused by:
Hypovolemia
Hypoxia
Hypothermia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wave that corresponds to the depolarization of the atrial fibers that leads to atrial contraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wave that appears due to rapid depolarization of the ventricular fibers just prior to contraction of the ventricular walls |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wave that is produced as the ventricular fibers slowly repolarize |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The contraction and relaxation of the heart that constitutes one heartbeat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Normally 70-80 times per minute; it is measured as the heart rate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Contraction of the ventricles with ejection of blood into the pulmonary and systemic circuits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Relaxation phase: refilling of the ventricles from the contracted atria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Amount of blood that remains in the ventricles following systole (approximately 50 cc) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Amount of blood that remains in the ventricles following diastole (approximately 120 cc) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| amount of blood pumped by the ventricles into the pulmonary and systemic circulations in 1 minute |
|
|
Term
| Formula for obtaining stroke volume (SV) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Formula for obtaining cardiac output (CO) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Factors that affect stroke volume |
|
Definition
Preload
Afterload
Contractility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Degree of stretch of myocardial fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The force the ventricles must overcome to eject their blood volume |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ability of the cardiac muscle fibers to shorten |
|
|
Term
| Formula for determining ejection fraction (EF) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The greater the volume, the greater the force with which the fibers contract to accomplish emptying |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Those effects that change the heart rate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Those that effect the strength of the contraction of the heart muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Effect on conduction of current |
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic nervous system |
|
Definition
Fight or flight
Catecholamines stimulate epinephrine |
|
|
Term
| Parasympathetic nervous system |
|
Definition
Acetylcholine produces an inhibitory response
Vagus nerve: slows things down |
|
|
Term
| PQRST assessment for discomfort |
|
Definition
P - precipitating and palliative measures (what caused it or made it better?)
Q- quality (stabbing?crushing?)
R- region and radiation (where does it hurt? does it go elsewhere?)
S- severity (1-10, number scale)
T- time (how often does it occur? how long have you had it? how long does it last?) |
|
|
Term
| After PQRST, also inquire about: |
|
Definition
Associated symptoms:
dyspnea
numbness/tingling
nausea/vomiting
diaphoresis |
|
|
Term
| Electrolyte imbalances that especially affect the heart |
|
Definition
Potassium
Magnesium
Calcium |
|
|
Term
| Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea |
|
Definition
| Comes on suddenly, usually at night, shortness of breath: sign of heart failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Increased urination during the night, possibly up to 4X
Kidneys are inadequately perfused by a weak heart and receive increased blood flow at night because the patient is lying down. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Opaque ring, gray to white in color, surrounding the periphery of the cornea.
Caused by deposits of cholesterol in the cornea. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sharply demarcated yellowish deposit of cholesterol underneath the skin, usually on or around eyelids r/t high cholesterol and/or triglycerides. |
|
|
Term
BP cuff too big?
What kind of reading? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
SP cuff to small?
What kind of reading? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Taking BP in both arms (AFTER a 5 minute rest)
What would we like to see? |
|
Definition
| Less than a 10 mmHg difference between the two extremities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Difference between systolic and diastolic pressure |
|
|
Term
Pulse quality.
What number is considered normal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Difference between apical and radial pulses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Turbulent blood flow from stenosis, described as a swooshing sound. |
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