Term
| what is the # 1 killer in the us |
|
Definition
| Heart disease is # 1 killer |
|
|
Term
| cardiovascular contraindications for DH care |
|
Definition
MI in last 6 months
unstable or recent angina
uncontrolled congestive heart failure
uncontrolled arryhtmias
uncontrolled hypertension
Infective endocarditis
pace makers (caution) |
|
|
Term
| why limit vasoconstricor for cardiac patient |
|
Definition
| due to endogenous epinephrine made already |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
digoxin, lanoxin,digitalis
used for CHF and to slow heart beat and make beat more effective. |
|
|
Term
| what happens if left side of heart fails |
|
Definition
blood backed into pulmonary artery
lungs fill with blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
right ventricle fails and is unable to move blood into pulmonary
dypsnea
cyanosis
high HR
cough
PITTING EDEMA/pedal edema(swelling of ankles |
|
|
Term
| toxic effects of digitalis glycosides |
|
Definition
nausea
arrythmia
headache/drowsiness/vision(neurological)
increased salivation
when mixed with sympathomimetrics increase in arrythmias can happen |
|
|
Term
| what can increase digoxin levels |
|
Definition
| tetracycline and erythromycin can increase digoxin levels by 10% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
myocardial anoxia-not enough oxygen to heart
arteriosclerosis-narrowing and hardening of blood vessels
heart block |
|
|
Term
| rythm of heart or electrical pattern |
|
Definition
SA
AV
bundle of his
perkinje fibers
cardiac muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rythm of heart is messed up |
|
|
Term
| examples of anti arrythmics |
|
Definition
verapamil/calan(isoptin)
nifedipine(procardia, adalat)
propanolol
cartizem
cause gingival enlargement |
|
|
Term
| what would lidocaine be used for as far as arrthmias |
|
Definition
| lidocaine for ventricular arrythmias |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
amyl nitrite
nitroglycerine
nitrek
beta blockers(propranolol)
work to reduce workload on heart |
|
|
Term
| what does nitroglycerine do? |
|
Definition
vasodilates
releases free nitrite ion and nitric oxide
relaxes vascular smooth muscle |
|
|
Term
| what pretreatments might you use on a angina pt:? |
|
Definition
| Nitrous oxide or bensodiazepine to relax pt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| steps for controlling hypertension |
|
Definition
1. lifestyle changes
2. CCB , diaretics(try 1st), adrenergic beta blockers
3. mix agents, adrenergic beta blockers, vasodilators
4. mix 2-3 drugs |
|
|
Term
| thiazide diuretics: hydrocholorothizide |
|
Definition
diuretic agent
reduce extracellular fluid and volume and changes in sodium and calcium concentrations reduce senstitivity to sans. |
|
|
Term
| adverse reactions to thiazides |
|
Definition
hypokalemia-low potassium
hyperglycemia-high blood sugar
hyperlipdemia-high cholesterol
hypercalciemia-high calcium
anorexia
hyperuricemia-increase in uric salts(GOUT!) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treat trigeminal neuralgia, but can make calcium channel blockers toxic in system if pt is taking them. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
drugs that act on sodium and water
block vasoconstriction which lowers BP |
|
|
Term
| adverse reactions of ace inhibitors |
|
Definition
DRY COUGH
taste disturbance
rash, photosensitiviy
diabetic, neuropathy
tetrogenicity: do not give to pregnant women |
|
|
Term
| antihyperlipidemic agents |
|
Definition
statin drugs (atorvastatin simvastatin
for high cholesterol
inhibit enzyme for cholesterol synthesis |
|
|
Term
| ldl's should be less than |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| normal triglyceride level |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| adverse effects of antihyperlidemics |
|
Definition
GI probs
impotence
muscle weakness
elevated liver enzymes
destruction of muscle tissue leading to renal failure
|
|
|
Term
contraindications for statin drugs
simvastatin(Zocor)
Atorvastatin (lipitor)
tricor
zetia
vytorin |
|
Definition
renal/liver disease
existing muscle weakness
pregnancy, breast feeding, children |
|
|
Term
| how do alpha adrenergic blocking agents help men with prostate problems |
|
Definition
| blocks resistence in urethra |
|
|
Term
| what can reduce effectiveness of ACE inhibitors |
|
Definition
| NSAIDS my reduce effectiveness of ACE inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| what should you know about drug interactions with alpha adrenergic blocking agents |
|
Definition
nsaids may reduce antihypersensive effect of alpha blockers
epinephrine may cause sever hypotension and reflex tachycardia(DONT USE IT) with adrenergic blocking agents.
|
|
|
Term
| examples of antihypertensives |
|
Definition
catapress(clonidine) causes xerostomia
aldomet
reserpine
hydralazine |
|
|
Term
| side effects of antihypertensives |
|
Definition
xerostomia
dysguesia
gingival enlargement
orthostatic hypertension
constipation
CNS sedation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lowers triglycerides and limits secretions of VLDLS
may be used in combo with statin drugs |
|
|
Term
| niacin/nicotinic acid side effects |
|
Definition
GI upset
fatigue
skin flushing, itching
hot flashes(can cause non-compliance) |
|
|
