Term
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Definition
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Term
| 3 factors determining stroke volume |
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Definition
| preload, contractibility and afterload |
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Term
| Name the 3 cardiovascular agents |
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Definition
cardiac glycosides
anti-dysrhythmics
anti-anginals
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Term
| describe the pathophysiology of LHF |
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Definition
| left ventricles do not contract sufficiently to pump blood from the lungs and left atria, into the peripheral circualtion. Excessive amount of blood backs up into the lung tissue |
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Term
| describe one sign and one symptom of LHF |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe pathophysiology of RHF |
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Definition
| Heart does not sufficiently pump blood returned from systemic circulation to the lungs. Blood and its consitituets are backed up into the peripheral tissues |
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Term
| What 2 conditions can RHF lead to |
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Definition
| peripheral oedema. May lead to LHF (and vice versa). |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| conduction of heart cells |
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Term
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Definition
| myocadial contraction, stroke volume |
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Term
| 5 non-pharmocologic measures to treat HF |
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Definition
(*tailored to meet individual need of patient)
limit salt intake to 2g/day
decrease/avoid alcohol consumption
mar restrict fluid intake
mild exercise
change unhealthy habits
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Term
| type of drug to treat angina |
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Definition
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Term
| name and describe 3 types of angina |
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Definition
classic (stable): occurs predicatably with stress or exertion
Unstable (preinfarction): frequent occurance. Severity is progressive. Unpredictable. Usually indicates impeding MI.
*classic and unstable caused by narrowing or partial occlussion of blood vessels
Variant (prinzmetal, vasospastic): during rest. Caused by vessel spasm. Can be in combination to other angina types. |
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Term
| 3 types of antianginal drugs |
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Definition
beta-blockers
calcium channel blockers
nitrates |
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Term
| 2 ways that antianginal drugs can increase blood flow |
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Definition
either increase O2 supply
or decrease myocardium demand for O2 |
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Term
| Describe how antianginals, nitrates relives angina |
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Definition
| cause general vascular and coronary vasodilation, therefore increasing blood flow and O2 supply. |
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Term
| Descibe how the different antianginal types may be used |
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Definition
1) Nitrates: usually sublingual and intravenously
2) continuity of cardiac pain. beta blocker given IV
3) calcium channel blockers in place of beta blockers if client does not tolerate |
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Term
which anti-anginal is not efficient in treating variant angina? |
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Definition
beta-blockers can aggravate variant angina!
beta-blockers more effieint to prevent angina attacks |
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Term
| Which 2 antianginals decrease workload of heart and decrease O2 supplies |
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Definition
| beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers |
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Term
| effect of nitrates drug group to variant angina |
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Definition
| relaxation of coronary arteries, decrease vasospasms and increase O2 supply |
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Term
| effect of nitrate anti-anginal drug group on stable angina |
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Definition
| dilation of veins, which decreases preload and increases O2 supply |
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Term
| effect of beta-blocker anti-anginal drug group on variant angina |
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Definition
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Term
| effect of beta-blocker anti-anginal drug group on stable angina |
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Definition
| decrease heart rate and contractibility, which decreases O2 demand |
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Term
| effect of calcium channel blockers anti-anginal drug group on variant angina |
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Definition
| relaxation of coronary arteries, which decreases vasospams and increases O2 supply |
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Term
| effect of calcium channel blockers anti-anginal drug group on stable angina |
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Definition
| dilation of arterioles, which decreases after load and O2 demand. |
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Term
| Effect of nitrate and calcium channel blockers, antianginal drug group in treating variant angina |
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Definition
| relax coronary arteries and therefore increases O2 supply |
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Term
| Effect of nitrates, calcium channel blockers and beta blockers on heart in treating stable angina |
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Definition
| but decreases O2 demand, see other flash cards |
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