Term
|
Definition
| diseases of the myocardium assoc w cardiac dysfunction: |
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Term
| cardiomyopathy, 2 groups: |
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Definition
primary( genetic, aquired, mixed)
2. secondary (other organ sys involved |
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|
Term
| 4 primary types of cardiomyopathy: |
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Definition
1. dilated
2.hypertrophic
3. restrictive
4. inclassified |
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Term
| 5 secondary types of cardiomyopathy: |
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Definition
1. infective
2. metabolic
3. systemic dz
4. genetic
5. toxic |
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|
Term
| cardiomyopathy: decrease in contractility, LVH, results in HF |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| blood in = blood out; increase of blood return = increase ejection leading to hypertrophy |
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Term
| LV relaxation in abnormal, increased filling pressure: 2 conditions |
|
Definition
1. hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
2. restrictive cardiomyopathy |
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|
Term
| functional classification of cardiomyopathies: 3 |
|
Definition
1. dilated (congestive)
2. Hypertrophic
3. restrictive (infiltrative) |
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|
Term
| ventricular enlargement and systemic dysfunction: |
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Definition
| Dilated (congestive) cardiomyopathy |
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|
Term
| hypertrophy in the absence of HTN or aortic stenosis: |
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Definition
| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
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|
Term
| abnormal filling and diastolic dysfunction: |
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Definition
| Restrictive (infiltrative) cardiomyopathy |
|
|
Term
| progressive syndrome of ventricular hypertrophy, dilation, & systolic contractile dysfunction: |
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Definition
| dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) |
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Term
| 3 CM associated w Dilated (congestive) CM: |
|
Definition
1. alcoholic CM
2. beer drinkers CM - cobalt
3. Ischemic CM |
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|
Term
| which chambers are dilated in dilated cardiomyopathy? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| which is the most common form of CM? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cause for DCM and therefore the most common cause of CM? |
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Definition
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Term
| 4 factors that may contribute to dilated cardiomyopathy: |
|
Definition
1. alcohol or other toxicity
2. pregnancy
3. genetic influence
4. post-viral myocarditis (coxsackie) |
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|
Term
| Epidemiology: who is likely to present with dilated CM? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| major clinical presentation for dilated CM: |
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Definition
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Term
| S/Sx assoc with gradual onset CHF & therefore Dilated CM: Pneumonic: |
|
Definition
HEART JMPS:
H - hypotension
E - edema
A - Ascites
R - rapid HR
T - Tachypnea/dyspnea/orthopnea
J - JVD
M - Mitral regurge murmur
P - PMI shifted
S - S3 gallop |
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|
Term
|
Definition
1. low QRS
2. nonspecific ST changes
3. ventricular ectopy |
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|
Term
| TEST Q: What is the best Dx test for dilated CM and what does it show? |
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Definition
| ECHO: LV dilation/dysfunction, ejection fraction <40% |
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|
Term
| medical therapy for dilated CM:3 |
|
Definition
1. ACE inhibitors ("prils")
2. Diuretics (furosimide, HCTZ)
3. vasodilators (NO) |
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|
Term
| describe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: |
|
Definition
| ventricular hypertrophy particularly the LV w impared ventricular filling due to diastolic dysfunction |
|
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Term
|
Definition
1. TEST Q: GENETICS
2. xs catecholamines
3. ischemic heart dz |
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|
Term
| Epidemiology for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: prevalence, age, sex |
|
Definition
| 0.05-0.2% of populatin, any age most in 20's, more common in men |
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|
Term
| which CM is the leading cause of sudden cardiac deaths? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| 5 risk factors of sudden death from HCM: |
|
Definition
1. recurrent syncope - Dizzy
2. young age - Young
3. Brady arrhythmias - Impeded rhythm
4. sustained VT - Nimble ventricle
5. FHx - Geneological Hx
spells DYING |
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|
Term
| which HCM is considered low risk? |
|
Definition
>30 & all of following are absent:
1. VT
2. FHx
3. syncope
4. exerscise induced hypotension
5. enlarged atrium
6. Abn myocardial infusion |
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|
Term
| 90% of HCM patients present w: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the murmur assoc w HCM: |
|
Definition
| harsh systolic ejection murmur |
|
|
Term
| what are the 5 most common Sx for HCM: |
|
Definition
1. Dyspnea
2. Syncope
3. CP
4. palpitations
5. dizzyness |
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|
Term
| which CM may be assoc w either Afib or Vtach? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a major risk in Afib? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 differential Dx for HCM: |
|
Definition
1. aortic stenosis
2. HTN
3. Restrictive CM
4. Glycogen storage Dz |
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Term
| The murmur assoc w HCM is exacerbated by: is made softer by: |
|
Definition
| fitness training & made louder by minimizing stroke volume (holding breath): is made softer by squating and maximizing the stroke volume. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
1. asymmetric septal hypertrophy
2. LVH
3. diastolic dysfxn
4. anterior mitral valve leaflet malfxn in systole |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. avoid weight gain
2. avoid strenuous exerscise
3. Beta blocker
4. surgery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. myoectomy of the septum
2. implanted defibrilator
3. mitral valve replacement |
|
|
Term
| which CM primarily affects the LV and septum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which protein is affect in genetic HCM? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the test of choice in identifying HCM? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 main medications for HCM: |
|
Definition
1. Beta blockers
2. Ca++ channel blockers |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| which CM has NO genetic component? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the most common cause of restrictive CM? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| in the US a common etiology for RCM is: |
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Definition
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|
Term
| which is affected in RCM, systole or diastole? |
|
Definition
| Diastole; systole is unaffected |
|
|
Term
| restrictive diastolic filling results in: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 of the most common Sx for RCM: |
|
Definition
1. exerscise intolerance
2. Dyspnea
3. fatigue |
|
|
Term
| describe the murmurs for RCM: |
|
Definition
| mitral/tricuspid regurge, maybe S3 |
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|
Term
| EKG shows: low QRS voltage and non-specific ST changes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. normal LV
2. marked dilation of atrium
3. textured ventricular wall in amyloidosis
4. restricted diastole filling |
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|
Term
| littel useful therapy is available for which CM? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| which drug is used to maintain sinus rhythm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why would anticoagulants be used with a Hx of Afib? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| which CM would be a candidate for transplant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| can left sided CHF result from RCM? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Key words: Amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, autoimmune, hemochromatosis = |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| which 2 CM are assoc with diastole dysfxn? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| which CM may be assoc w ischemia? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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