Term
| What is the responsible mechanism for concentric hypertrophy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What hypertrophy is due to volume overload? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are the sarcomeres aligned in concentric hypertrophy? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are the sarcomeres aligned in eccentric hypertrophy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which hypertrophy type involves myocytes that have an incresed radius? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two causes of concentric hypertrophy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes eccentric hypertrophy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the hypertrophy that often results after an MI in the non-necrosis tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is turned on in hypertrophy leading to the pathology? |
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Definition
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Term
Turning on of Ang II and binding to its receptor leads to the upregulation of what kinase?
Which growth factor is turned on? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the turning on of Ang II ultimately lead to in regards to heart wall structure? What does this restrict with regard to heart function? |
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Definition
leads to fibrosis and stiffening of the wall
restricts filling |
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Term
| What are four changes in the heart's wall that lead to hypertrophy? |
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Definition
fetal genes are turned on
fetal proteins are turned on--> weakening wall
capillary to myocyte ratio decresae
abnormal protien structure |
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Term
| What is resonsible for the turning on of fetal genes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What fetal protein is synthesized in hypertrophy that leads to weaker contraction? |
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Definition
| slow B-myosin heavy chain |
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Term
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Definition
| change in structure of the right ventricular due to pulmonary problem |
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Term
| What is a common cause of acute right ventricular failure? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a common cause for chronic right ventricular failure? |
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Definition
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Term
What occurs in the liver of a patient with chronic right ventricular failure?
What type of tumor can mimic right ventricular failure (throwback to a different lecture!)? |
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Definition
nutmeg liver
cardiac cirrhosis
Thyoma |
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Term
| What are the five types of cardiomyopathies studied? |
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Definition
dilated
hypertrophy
restrictive
Obliterative
Arrhythmogenic RV |
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Term
| What is the rate of progression in dilated cardiomyopathy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to the inotropy and ejection fraction in a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four metabolic causes of dilated cardiomyopathy? |
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Definition
hemochromotosis
Kearns Sayer Syndrome
Acid Maltase Deficiency
Acyl CoA deficiency |
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Term
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Definition
| iron overload due to hemolytic anemia or multiple transfusions |
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Term
| What disease presents with brown diabetes and brown heart and why? |
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Definition
| hemochromatosis b/c of iron in skin and heart |
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Term
| What metabolic cause of dilated cardiomyopathy commonly causes bundle branch blockage? |
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Definition
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Term
| A patient presents with ptosis, CHF, syncope, and a paradoxal split S2 (throwback element), what disease? Why a paradoxal split S2? |
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Definition
patient has Kearnes Sayre syndrome
The paradoxal split S2 is due to a bundle branch block. The block is on the left side and is causing paradoxal split b/c aortic component is delayed secondary to the slowed conduction in the left BB. |
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Term
| A patient presents with a large tongue and a metabolic incuded dilated cardiomyopathy, what does the patient have? |
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Definition
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Term
| What exon is associated with Pompe disease (infantile Acid Maltase Deficiency)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Wat disease presents with the inability to metabolize long chain fatty acids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What drug toxicity can induce dilated cardiomyopathy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What drug causes vacules in the sarcomere system and causes a loss in myofibrils? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does chronic ETOH abuse cause a dilated cardiomyopathy? |
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Definition
| thiamin deficiency (beri-beri) |
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Term
| What two genetically causes in cardiac muscle can cause dilated cardiomyopathy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the inheritence of dystrophin deficiency? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the inheritance of Desmin overproduction? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is desmin responsible for? |
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Definition
| linking sarcomeres together |
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Term
| How is desmin mutation diagnosed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the six possible causes of myocarditis studied? |
|
Definition
viral
bacterial
parasitic
hypersensitivity (drug induced)
Giant Cell (Fiedler)
Transplantation |
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Term
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Definition
| a quilty lesion is a benign subendocardial lymphocyte infiltrate lesion that is not responsible for (what was once thought) rejection of heart transplant |
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Term
| What is the most common cause of viral myocarditis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is true of the EKG and cardiac enzymes in myocarditis? |
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Definition
| there can be ST changes and elevated enzymes |
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Term
| How cannot and can the diagnosis of viral myocarditis due to coxsachie be made? |
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Definition
cannot be made by viral culture
Must be made by biopsy |
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Term
[image]
Patient comes to the ER complaining of angina and fatigue. Patient has a temperature of 103 F. Remembers being bit by the above bug a few days ago. EKG shows ST changes and cardiac labs come back with elevated Troponin. What disease does he have? |
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Definition
| myocarditis due to chagus disease |
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Term
| What is the dallas criteria (3) composed of in diagnosis of viral myocarditis? |
|
Definition
| inflamation, necrosis, and fibrosis |
|
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Term
| What bacteria is a common cause of myocarditis? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
What parasite is a common cause of mycarditis?
What disease does it cause? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is true of the myofibers in heart in early chagus disease? |
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Definition
| filled with parasite (amastigotes) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What myocarditis causing disease prevents with biventricular dilation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is true of the number of intracellular parasites in chronic chagus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is true of the biopsy in hypersensitivity myocarditis? |
|
Definition
| eosionophils and inflammation |
|
|
Term
| What drugs can cause hypersensitivity myocarditis? |
|
Definition
| cocaine, phenytoin, procainamide, quinidine, hydrochlorothiazides, methydopa |
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Term
| What disesae causes a granulomatous myocarditis and has very poor prognosis unless a transplant is performed? |
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Definition
| Giant cell (Fiedlers) myocarditis |
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Term
| What is the gold standard for diagnosing transplantation rejection myocarditis? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the inheritence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of cardiomyopathy presents with a haphazard organization of the myocytes? |
|
Definition
| hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
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Term
| Which type of cardiomyopathy is due to a myocyte infiltrate such as sarcodosis? |
|
Definition
| restrictive cardiomyopathy |
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Term
| Which type of cardiomyopathy results in ventricular complience reduction and thus reduced filling? |
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Definition
| restrictive cardiomyopathy |
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Term
| What type of cardiomyopathy does Loeffler Syndrome produce? |
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Definition
| obliterative cardiomyopathy |
|
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Term
| What type of cardiomyopathy is due to a conexin mutation? What conexin is mutated? |
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Definition
arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy
conexin 43 |
|
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Term
| WHat cardiomyopathy is fat in the myocardium diagnostic? |
|
Definition
| arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy |
|
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Term
| What type of cells are seen in Loeffler syndrome? |
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Definition
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|
Term
[image]
What type of hypertrophy? |
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Definition
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