Term
List class and Brand name:
bumetanide |
|
Definition
Loop (high ceiling) diuretic
Bumex |
|
|
Term
List class and Brand name:
furosemide |
|
Definition
Loop (high ceiling) diuretic
Lasix |
|
|
Term
List class and Brand name:
torsemide |
|
Definition
Loop (high ceiling) diuretic
Demadex |
|
|
Term
List class and Brand name:
ethacrynic acid |
|
Definition
Loop (high ceiling) diuretic
Edecrin |
|
|
Term
| Site of Action for Loop Diuretics? |
|
Definition
| thick ascending limb of Loop of Henle (25% of Na reabsorp) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inhibition of Na/K/2Cl symporter (lumen side)
*changes potential on parenchyma side |
|
|
Term
| Which Loop Diuretic is most potent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the effects of urine flow and ion excretion of Loop Diuretics? |
|
Definition
1. profound increase of urine flow
2. increased excretion of Na, K, Cl and Ca, Mg |
|
|
Term
| List the 4 ADRs of Loop Diuretics including all imbalances (5) |
|
Definition
1. fluid/electrolyte balance
*hypo Na; excell fl vol depletion; hypotonia, circulatory collapse, thromboembolic episodes
*hypoCl
*hypoK,Mg(risk cardiac arrhythmia)
*hypoCa (risk tetany)
2.ototox
3.hyperuricemia
4.increase LDL, decrease HDL |
|
|
Term
List class and Brand name:
chlorthalidone |
|
Definition
Thiazide diuretic
Hygroton |
|
|
Term
List class and Brand name:
hydrochlorothiazide |
|
Definition
Thiazide diuretic
Microzide |
|
|
Term
List class and Brand name:
indapamide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
List class and Brand name:
metolazone |
|
Definition
Thiazide diuretic
Zaroxolyn |
|
|
Term
| Thiazide diuretics site of action |
|
Definition
| distal convoluted tubule (5% Na reabsorption) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibition of Na/Cl symporter |
|
|
Term
| How do thiazide diuretics increase urine flow? |
|
Definition
*increase excretion of Na,Cl,H2O and K
*chronic use -> decrease excretion of Ca and uric acid |
|
|
Term
| How do loop diuretics increase urine flow? |
|
Definition
* excretion of Na,K,Cl
* excretion of Ca,Mg
* acute use -> increase excretion of uric acid
c. if used acutely – excretion of uric acid (decrease upon chronic use) |
|
|
Term
| What follows vol depletion and decreased BP in loop diuretics? |
|
Definition
| renin release and SNS activity |
|
|
Term
| What are the urinary and hemodynamic effects of thiazide diuretics? |
|
Definition
1. increase urine flow
2. lower BP resulting in increased Na excretion |
|
|
Term
| Which thiazide diuretics need GFR >35ml/min to maintain diuretic function? |
|
Definition
hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide)
chlorthalidone (Hygroton) |
|
|
Term
| List the 4 ADRs of Thiazide Diuretics including all imbalances (7) |
|
Definition
1. fluid/electrolyte balance
*excell fl vol depletion, hypotension
*hypoNa
*hypoCl (metab alkalosis)
*hypoK (arrhythmia risk)
*hypoMg
*hyperCa
*hyperuricemia(gout; metab arthritis)
2.reduced glc tolerance
3.increase sexual impotency
4.increase LDL, total chol, TGs |
|
|
Term
| Which thiazide diuretic is most potent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which thiazide diuretic is has longest t1/2? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
List class and Brand name:
amiloride |
|
Definition
K-sparing diuretics
Midamor |
|
|
Term
List class and Brand name:
triamterene |
|
Definition
K-sparing diuretic
Dyrenium |
|
|
Term
| K-sparing diuretic site of action |
|
Definition
| late distal tubule and collecting duct (2% Na reabsorption) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits renal epithelial Na channels |
|
|
Term
| Main therapeutic uses of Loop diuretics |
|
Definition
- acute pulmonary edema
- HTN and HF
- edemas and ascites (accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity)
- drug overdose (induction of profound diuresis)
- hypoNatremia (in combination with isotonic saline to prevent vol. depletion) |
|
|
Term
| What is hypovolemic hyponatremia and how to treat? |
|
Definition
| GI fluid loss → i.v. isotonic saline and loop diuretics |
|
|
Term
| What is hypervolemic hyponatremia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is euvolemic hyponatremia? |
|
Definition
| most common cause – syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion: SIADH |
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|
