having a short and relatively severe course

condition in which living pathogenic organisms are absent; state of sterility 

Post mortem exam performed to confrim or determine cause of death

not malignant; non-cancerous

The removal an examination, ususally microscopically, of a small piece of tissue for diagnosis 

a profound lack of nutrition and wasting away of the body

a malignant neoplasm of the epithelial tissue

persisting over a long period of time

a dark-bluish or purplish coloration of skin and mucous membranes due to decreased oxygen in blood; cyatonic (adj) 

the use of scientific and skillful methods to establish cause and nature of illness

A specific illness or disorder characterized by a set of signs and symptoms

accumulation of excessive watery fluids in body tissues or cavities; edematous (adj)

the sudden blocking of a blood vessel when an embolus becomes lodged in the blood vessel

foreign object (thrombus, fat, air, tumor) that travels in bloodstream

present in the  community or among a group of people; used for a disease or organism prevailing continuously in region

affecting a large number of people at the same time; a disease that spreads rapidly through a demographic segment such as a military base or school system

the study of the cause of any disease

the increase in the seriousness of a disease or disorder

the process of completely removing or amputating

occurring suddenly and with great intensity-- has the potential to become life threatening very quickly

any abnormal condition caused by medical personnel or through exposure to the environment of a health care facility, including fears instilled in patients by remarks of health care workers

a cut produced surgically to create opening into organ or body cavity.

infarct

infarction

invasion of tissues by pathogenic organisms and the reaction of tissues to their presence 

tissue reaction ot injury characterized by pain, heat, redness and swelling

resistant to cure, relief or control such as pain that is not relieved by treatment

insufficient blood supply to an organ or tissue due to decreased blood flow (ischemic, adj.)

tending or threatening to produce death, often used to describe cancer

metastasis
metastasize

metastatic

illness or abnormal condition; in statistics refers to the rate at which illness or abnormaily occurs

death rate for a specific disease or condition 

autopsy, sometimes of a human but more often for an animal 

death of cells, tissue or an organ

pertaining to a hospital, usually refers to an infection acquired in a hospital

treatment designed to reduce or relieve uncomfortable symptoms but not to produce a cure

disease occuring throught the population of a country, a people or the world

the functional tisse of an organ as distinguished from the supporting tissue

any disease-producing microorganism

prediction of duration and probable outcome of disease or illness

protective or preventative treatment

the partial or complete disappearance of signs and symptoms of disease or disorder

the cutting out of a significant portion of an organ or structure

a malignant neoplasm of connective tissue (e.g. muscle, bone, cartilage, tendons, etc.) 

systemic disease associated with the spread of pathogenic microorganisma or their toxins in the blood

any abnormal condition that follows and is the result of a disease, treatment or injury, such as deafness after the use of an ototoxic drug

an objective evidence of illness, e.g. fever, rash, swelling

a subjective change in body function felt by patient, e.g. pain, nausea

the formation or development of a thrombus

condition resuting from the spread of toxins by the blood stream

a new growth of tissue; neoplasm; swelling; may be benign or malignant

a sore or lesion on the skin or mucous membrane

blood vessels that carry blood away from heart

smallest of blood vessels-- site of exchange of gases, nutrients & waste that moves between cells and bloodstream

blood vessels that take blood back to heart

blood returns to this side of heart

side of heart where blood comes from lungs and is pumped through vessels in rest of body 

blood flow from heart to tissues of body (extremities, head, viscera) and back to heart

blood flow TO the heart muscle (not blood flow THROUGH the heart)

space between the lungs-- blood vessels and heart loacted here

upper chambers of the heart

lower chambers of the heart

valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle 

valve located between left atrium and left ventricle 

aka bicuspid valve

largest artery in body-- takes blood from heart to rest of body

a hole in the wall of fetal heart between right and left atrium

in fetal heart, a connection between the blood vessel that takes blood to the lung and the blood vessel that leaves the heart to carry blood to the body

wall

wall between two ventricles

inner lining (layer) of the heart

a double-layered sac around the heart

inner layer: visceral

outer layer: parietal

contraction phase of the heart beat

region of heart that generates impulse that will cause heart muscle to contract

record of the electrical activity of the heart

blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle

abnormal heart sound caused by improper closure of valves

artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs

heart rhythm initiating in the sinoatrial node with a resting rate of 60 - 100 beats per minute

instrument to measure blood pressure

angi-

angio-

aort-

aorto-

aorta

(combining form)

arter/o

arteri/o

operation to remove or bypass fatty deposits in narrowed artery

collections of fat that rpotrude into the luem (opening) of an artery, weakening the muscle lining

deposits of yellow plaque (cholesterols & lipids) found within lining of artery- major form of arteriosclerosis

procedure to remove plaque

atrium, upper heart chamber (combining form)

arm

(combining form)

cardi/o-

heart

(combining form)

abnormal thickening of heart walls (septa) which causes narrrowing (stenosis) of the aortic valve

heart rate slower than 60 bpm

heart rate faster than 100 bpm

cholesterol

(combining form)

ven/o-

ven/i-

abnormal heart rhythms- problems with conduction in heart's electrical system

rapid, inefficient, irregular beats in the atria

uncomfortable sensations in the chest from missed heart beats

abnormality of the heart at birth

localized narrowing of the artery reduces blood supply to lowerpart of body

(a congenital abnormality)

small holes in the septa between the atria (atrial septa defects) pr the ventricles (ventricular septal defects) 

(a congenital abnormality)

four distinct defects  

(a congenital abnormality)

heart unable to pump required amount of blood-- (more blood enters heart from the veins than leaves through the arteries) 

disease of the arteries surrounding the heart

attempt to terminate dangerous fibrillation rhythm

blocking of coronary artery by a clot (leads to myocardial infarction)

blood flow to heart is decreased

asystole

(ventricular)

chest pain when at rest and/or with increasing frequency

coronary artery bypass grafting-- procedure to reroute blood flow in hgeat by grafting vessel from leg or chest

percutaneous coronary intervention-- balloon angioplasty-- dislodges clot

drugs used to dissolve blood clots

a wire mesh-like device used to reinforce the wall of artery after PCI

inflammation of the inner lining of of heart caused by bacteria

high blood pressure affecting the heart

lesions from damaged heart tissue

traveling material in bloodstream

listening to sounds inside body with stethoscope

abnormal sound heard upon ascultation

an extra heart sound heard between normal beats

inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart

compression of the heart caused by collection of fluid in the pericardial cavity

heart disease caused by rheumatic fever

local widening (dilation) of the arterial wall

A blood clot (thrombus) forms in a large vein, usually in a lower limb

inflamed veins with presence of bloodclots

blockage of blood vessels outside the heart

recurrent episodes of pallor and cynanosis primarily in fingers and toes

absence of pain or discomfort in a leg at rest, but pain tension or weakness when walking has begun-

varix

varices

abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occuring in the legs

drugs used to lower cholesterol in the bloodstream

a thin flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or artery-- detects pressures and patterns of blood flow

defibrillation

air spaces within the skull that communicate with the nasal cavity and are lined with mucous membranes 

portion of the pharynx behind the nasal passages-- contains the adenoids which are tonsils in nasopharynx

portion of pharynx behind the oral cavity

last portion of the pharynx before the pharynx branches

flap of cartilage that covers the entrance of the larynx when swallowing (prevents food or liquid from entering the respiratory passages) 

space between lungs that contains heart and major blood vessels

bronchi

(bronchus)

major branches of the trachea 

bronchioles

(bronchiole)

smallest branches of the bronchiole

alveoli

(alveolus)

air sacs, aka parenchyma (functional tissue) of the lung

pleura

(pleurae)

double-layered sac surrounding each lung

inner layer of the pleura, the layer that adheres to the outer surface of the lung

outer layer of the pleura; the layer that lines the inside of the chest wall

muscle that separates the chest (thorax) from the abdominal cavity 

lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx; pharyngeal tonsils

lobe

division of a lung

gas that passes into the bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all body cells

space between the folds of the pleura

essential parts of the lung, responsible for respiration; bronchioles and alveoli

Pertaining to the alveoli, the tiny air sacs in the lungs. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place in the alveoli

a spasm of the bronchi that makes exhalation difficult and noisy; associated with asthma and bronchitis 

Relating to a bronchus and the pleura.

lobe of the lung

(combining form)

an abnormal condition in which breathing is easier in an upright position

inadequate oxygenation of the blood.

voice

(combining form)

diaphragm

(combining form)

pleura

(combining form)

pneumo/o-

pneumon/o-

air, lung

(combining form)

air gathers in the pleural cavity as a result of disease or injury 

excision of part or all of a lung.

nose

(combining form)

an instrument for determining the capacity of the lungs

complete

(combining form)

collapsed lung, incomplete expansion of lung (after surgery)

chest

(combining form)

incision into the chest cavity

trachea/ windpipe

(combining form)

collection of pus in the plural cavity

abnormal breathing

 (SOB shortness of breath)

sudden night abnormal breathing , often when congestive heart failure patients lie down and get air hunger

lack of breathing leads to lack of pulse

pleural cavity, chest

(combining form)

accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity

cheyne-stokes respirations

pattern of shallow fast slow breathing that dying patients undergo 

listening to the sounds within the body

scratchy sound produced by the motion of inflamed or irritated pleural surfaces rubbing against each other

fine crackling sound heard on auscultation (during inspiration) when there is fluid in the alveoli

collection of pus in the pleural cavity

a collection of pus in the pleural cavity

Loud rumbling sound heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum --inflammation in larger bronchial tubes indicated

material expelled from the chest by coughing or clearing in throat

Purulent- green or brown-- infected

strained, high-pitched relatively loud sound made on inspiration; associated with obstruction of the larynx or trachea

continuous high-pitched whistling upon inspiration or expiration-- caused  by tightening of bronchi in asthmatics

acute viral infection in infants & children, obstruction of the larynx, barking cough, stridor

bluish discoloration of skin and or mucous membranes

chronic inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction caused by bronchial edema, bronchoconstriction, and increased mucous production

chronic dilation of a bronchus secondary to infection in the lower lobes of the lung- no cure-- palliative care

inflammation of the bronchi persisting over a long period of time-- one of the components of COPD

Inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucous secretions that do not drain normally

Incomplete (atel/o) expansion (-ectasis) of alveoli; collapsed, functionless, airless lung or portion of a lung. Caused by tumor or other onstruction of the bronchus, or poor respiratory effort.

hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls

malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi

abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs (anthracosis, coal, black lung; asbestosis; silicosis- silica, glass)

acute inflammation and infection of alveoli which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction

a large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs

swelling and fluid in the air sacs and bronchi

clot (thrombus) or other material lodges in vessels of the lung

rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura; associated with asbestos exposure

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity (from tumors, infections, congestive heart failure, pulmonary embolism, cirrhosis)

pleurisy

pleuritis

Inflammation of the pleura

failure of the right side of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood to the lungs because of underlying lung disease

relieving symptoms but not curing the disease