Term
What type of tissue lines the inside of the heart?
What is the muscle tissue of the heart? |
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Definition
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Term
Pulmonary or systemic circulation?
Right ventricle---Pulmonary artery---Lung---pulmonary capillaries---Pulmonary vein---left atrium of heart |
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Definition
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Term
Pulmonary or systemic circulation?
Left ventricle---Aorta---elastic artery---muscular artery---arteriole---capillaries---small venule---small vein---large vein---vena cava---right atrium of heart. |
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Definition
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Term
Arteries or veins:
have thicker walls |
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Definition
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Term
Arteries or veins:
lumen gets smaller as the vessel branches |
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Definition
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Term
arteries or veins:
have fewer circular smooth muscle cells, more that run longitudinal |
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Definition
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Term
Arteries or veins:
have circular smooth muscle cells to control the size of the lumen |
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Definition
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Term
arteries or veins:
generally have larger lumens, under lower pressure |
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Definition
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Term
arteries or veins
deliver blood from the hear |
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Definition
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Term
arteries or veins
have "back-flow valves" to prevent blood from flowing back |
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Definition
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Term
arteries or veins
return blood to the heart |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 layers in the tunica intima? |
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Definition
endothelium
subendothelial layer |
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Term
| What are the 3 major tunics of blood vessels |
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Definition
tunica intima
tunica media
tunica externa |
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Term
| What layer of the tunica intima is a simple squamous cell layer |
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Definition
| endothelium of tunica intima |
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Term
| What layer of the tunica intima is a supportive connective tissue? |
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Definition
| sub endothelium of tunica intima |
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Term
| What layer is in between the tunica intima and tunica media and NOT found in veins? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 layers of the tunica media? |
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Definition
smooth muscle
elastic lamina |
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Term
What layer blood vessel is the smooth muscle?
Is it thick in the after or vein? |
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Definition
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Term
| What layer is only found in arteries (especially large arteries) between the tunica media and tunica externe? |
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Definition
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Term
| What layer of blood vessel is thin in the artery but large in the vein (smooth muscle runs longitudinally) |
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Definition
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Term
| In the externa, where will you find the blood vessels that feed the smooth muscle cells and all the other cells of the tunics? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the only layer left when in the capillaries? |
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Definition
| endothelium and basement membrane |
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Term
| What 3 layers in found in the tunica adventitia? |
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Definition
Connective tissue
Smooth muscle (mainly in large veins)
Vasa vasorum |
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Term
What is NOT a function of the endothelium?
Maintenance of selective permeability barrier
Maintenance of thrombogenic barrier
Modulation of blood flow and vascular resistance
Regulation of cell growth
Regulation of immune responses
Maintenance of extracellular matrix
Involvement in lipoprotein metabolism |
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Definition
Maintenance of thrombogenic barrier
(maintenance of non-thrombogenic barrier) |
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Term
| What are the structures in endothelial cells containing von Willebrand factor, a necessary component for platelet aggregation during coagulation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which arteries are largest of the arteries. Lead directly from heart? |
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Definition
| Elastic arteries (conducting) |
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Term
| What arteries are smaller than conducting arteries and has variable sizes |
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Definition
| Muscular arteries (distributing) |
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Term
What arteries are 0.1mm in diameter?
some are called ________ which control blood flow to the capillary beds. |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of arteries make up the aorta and branches form the aortic? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of artery has a t. intima with endothelium supported by CT, has an IEL, t. media has many fenestrated lamella of elastin alternating with concentric layers of smooth muscle cells, has an EEL and t. adventitia is fairly thin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of artery has a relatively thick tunica media composed most of concentric layers of smooth muscle cells, IEL is prominent, in larger muscular arteries there is a EEL, T. Adventitia contains some elastic fibers, collagen and ground substance. Also contains numerous Vasa vasorum |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the terminal arterial vessels that regulate blood flow into the capillaries. (Endothelium and 3-5 layers of smooth muscle.) |
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Definition
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Term
| ___________ differ from arterioles in that the smooth muscle layer is not continuous but the muscle cells have spaces between them. This allows them to function as a sphincter. |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood flow through a capillary bed mediated in part by _______ ________ |
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Definition
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Term
what is the direct channel from the arterial end to the venous end, bypassing the capillary bed?
Some arterioles connect directly with small venules and by-pass the capillary bed. These are called ____________ |
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Definition
thoroughfare channel
arteriovenus anastomoses (or AV shunt). |
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Term
| If it is cold outside, will you want blood traveling through the thoroughfare channel or true capillaries? |
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Definition
| thoroughfare channel (direct channel to keep blood deep in lumen) |
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Term
Immediately preceding the AV shunt, the arterioles have muscle fibers that can contract to regulate blood flow.
What happens during contraction of AV shunt?
Relaxation? |
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Definition
Contraction of AV shunt send blood to capillary bed.
Relaxation sends blood through thoroughfare channels to venules, by-passing the capillary beds |
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Term
| What is it called when blood flows through 2 capillary beds? |
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Definition
| portal system (venous and arterial) |
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Term
| How large is the lumen of a capillary? |
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Definition
| lumen barely large enough to allow one RBC at a time |
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Term
| In a capillary, the __________ cells secrete their own basal lamina which is in contact with surrounding CT |
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Definition
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Term
True or false
Almost all material exchange between cells of tissue and blood occurs through the capillary endothelial cell |
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Definition
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Term
| What cells surround some capillaries and lie within the basement membrane and can differentiate into smooth muscle cells or endothelial cells (don't want smooth muscle in capillary) |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 types of capillaries? |
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Definition
The continuous capillary bed
The fenestrated capillary bed
The sinusoidal (or discontinuous) capillary bed. |
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Term
| What cells are important in re-establishing structure after you damage a capillary bed (bruising)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of capillary bed is intact (continuous endothelial layer and basal membrane). Used mainly for diffusion of gases |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of capillary bed has an intact endothelial layer with pores covered by a cytoplasmic diaphragm for the passage of molecules and usually a continuous basal membrane? |
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Definition
| fenestrated capillary bed |
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Term
| What type of capillary bed has large pores in the endothelial lining without diaphragms? |
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Definition
| sinusoid (discontinuous) capillary |
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Term
| What type of capillary bed will you mainly find in the kidney, pancreas, intestines and some endocrine tissue? |
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Definition
| fenestrated capillary bed |
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Term
| What type of capillary bed will you mainly find in the bone marrow, spleen, liver, some endocrine glands |
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Definition
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Term
True or false
Veins are classified into three groups based on their diameter and wall thickness |
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Definition
True
small, medium and large |
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Term
| In which tunic in large and medium veins will it form valves? |
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Definition
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Term
True or false
the tunica media in veins will be mostly smooth muscle |
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Definition
false
mostly CT fibers, some smooth muscle but much less than in arteries. |
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Term
| What is the most prominent tunic in medium and large veins, smooth muscle cells are oriented longitudinally in bundles |
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Definition
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Term
| As veins get larger, which tunica will get bulkier? |
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Definition
| tunica adventitia (more smooth muscle to push blood back up) |
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Term
| What specific type of vein is similar in structure to capillary endothelia with an increase in reticular fibers and pericytes |
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Definition
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Term
Endothelial cells located in lymphoid tissue become more cuboidal than squamous and are called ____________.
This is a site where most _________ leave circulation |
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Definition
high endothelial venues
lymphocytes (only WBC that can reenter vasculature) |
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Term
| The process of moving out of the endothelial capillary is called _________ |
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Definition
| diapedesis (or transendothelial migration) |
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Term
What cell adhesion molecule attaches to the cell and allows it to "roll" on the surface?
What molecule allows it to cross the cell layers? |
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Definition
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Term
| Lymphatic vessels are lined with endothelium and most resemble what small vessels in structure? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do do lymphatic capillaries lack that causes it to be more permeable than blood capillaries? |
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Definition
| continuous basement membrane |
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Term
| Lymphatic vessels begin as __________ tubes that are located in the interstitial spaces of the body. Interstitial fluids drain into the lymphatic vessels and return to the circulation. |
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Definition
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Term
| Lymph flows through specialized structures called _____________ where debris and other cellular components are digested by resident macrophages. |
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Definition
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Term
True or false
the lymphatic vascular system has no central pump, moves sluggishly driven primarily by compression of skeletal muscles. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the process whereby bleeding is halted |
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Definition
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Term
| Platelets are little pieces of a cell called the ____________ located in the bone marrow |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 phases of blood clotting |
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Definition
Phase 1: Adhesion of platelets to the subendothelium of an injured blood vessel.
Phase 2: Aggregations of platelets to form a hemostatic plug.
Phase 3: Platelet procoagulation activity terminates with the removal of the fibrin clot |
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Term
| platelets have receptors what type of collagen? Where is this collagen found? |
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Definition
type IV
basement membrane (will not see platelet on basement membrane in healthy person) |
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Term
True or false
under normal conditions, the intact vascular endothelium triggers platelet aggregation by exposing laminin and collagen |
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Definition
false
under normal conditions, the intact vascular endothelium does not trigger platelet aggregation because laminin and collagen are not exposed |
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Term
| Endothelial cells secrete _________, a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation and secretion of ADP |
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Definition
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Term
| In the common pathway of blood clotting, what does Factor X cleave to start the cascade? |
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Definition
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