Term
| What are the common causes of death is aortic stenosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the major causes of Aortic Stenosis |
|
Definition
Senile Degeneration (Most common)
Bicuspid
Rheumatic
Post-Inflamatory Scarring
Congenital |
|
|
Term
| When does senile degeneration occur in a patient with normal Aortic Valve vs a bicuspid aortic valve |
|
Definition
Normal: 8th or 9th decade
Bicuspid: 6th or 7th |
|
|
Term
| Causes of Aortic Insufficiency |
|
Definition
Root Dialation
marfan's
Chronic Rheumatic
Endocarditis |
|
|
Term
| What are the causes of mitral Insufficiency |
|
Definition
Leaflets: Endocarditis, Chronic Rheumatic
Tensor/Papillary: Ischemia, Endocarditis
Ventricular: Dialation
Annulus: Calcification |
|
|
Term
| What sex is mitral Prolapse more common in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the molecular composition of a floppy valve different from a normal one? |
|
Definition
| More Mucopolysacchirides and less Type III collagen |
|
|
Term
| What syndrome is mitral prolapse strongly associated with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some complications of mitral calcifications |
|
Definition
Thromboembolism
Infective Endocarditis |
|
|
Term
Causes of Mitral Valve Stenosis |
|
Definition
Rheumatic
Endocarditis
Calcification
Tumor |
|
|
Term
| Diagnosis of Rhematic Fever |
|
Definition
ASO with 2 Major or 1 Major and 2 Minor
Majors: Erythema Marginatum
Subcutaneous Nodules
Chorea
Carditis
Polyarthritis
Minor: Fever
CRP/ESR
Prolong PR
Arthalgia |
|
|
Term
| What demographics have a higher incidence of Rheumatic fever |
|
Definition
High pop density
Poverty
Poor living conditions
Undernourishment |
|
|
Term
| Pathogensis of Acute rheumatic Fever |
|
Definition
Pancarditis
Peri:Bread and butter
Myo: Ashoff Bodies
Endocarditis: Valve vegitations
Occasional: Mitral Insufficiency, Arrythmias |
|
|
Term
| Where does chronic Rheumatic heart disease typically manifest |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Histology of chronic rhematic fever |
|
Definition
Thicken, shortened Chordae
Valve: Commissural fusion, fibrous thickening |
|
|
Term
| What sex does infective endocarditis typically affect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Typical organisms in early and late Prostetic valve endocarditis |
|
Definition
Early: epidermidis
Late: streptococci |
|
|
Term
| Most common organism for native valve endocarditis in an IV drug abuser |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diagnosis of Endocarditis by Duke's Criteria |
|
Definition
3 Major or 2 major, 3 minor or 1 major, 5 minor
Major: New Regurg
Echo Indicating Valve
Typical Blood organism
Minor: Fever
Atypical organism
Immune Lesions
Vascular Lesions
Irregular Echo
Heart lesion, IV Abuser
|
|
|
Term
| What side of which valves are vegitations likely to be found? |
|
Definition
Atrial Side of AV valves,
Ventricular Side of Semilunar valves |
|
|
Term
| Complications of Infective Endocarditis |
|
Definition
Insufficiency/Stenosis
Cardiac Abcesses
Suppurative Pericarditis
Embolisms
Renal: Glomerulonephritis, Embolism, Abcess |
|
|
Term
| What are some clinical observations helpful in diagnosing Infective Endocarditis |
|
Definition
Roth Spots
Janeway Lesions
Splinter Hemorrhages |
|
|
Term
| What is the physiological cause of Nonbacterial Infective Endocarditis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another autoimmune endocarditis besides Rheumatic fever and what is the mechanism? |
|
Definition
Libman Sacks Endocarditis (SLE Endocarditis)
Antiphospholipid antibodies |
|
|
Term
What are complications of Prosthetic valves? |
|
Definition
Infective Endocarditis
Obstuction
Hemolysis
Unbalanced Healing
|
|
|
Term
| What type of prosthetic valve requires anti-coagulation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of prosthetic valve is the most common site of infective endocarditis growth? |
|
Definition
| Prosthesis-Valve Interface |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common complication of prosthetic heart valves? |
|
Definition
| Long-term Calcification and Stenosis |
|
|
