Term
digoxin: (Lanoxin) cardiac glycosides
|
|
Definition
- inhibits sodium potassium ATPase promoting increased force of cardiac contraction.
- treats Cardiac failure, tachycaria, flutter, or fibrillation
- pulse rate should be above 60bpm
- Monitor: serum level of digoxin (0.5-2ng/ml)
- SE: N/V, headache, yellow green halos, confusion
- AE: bradycardia, visual disturbance, AtrioVentricular-block, cardio disrhythmias
- Advise pt to eat foods rich in potassium
|
|
|
Term
| clopidogrel (Plavix): antiplatelet |
|
Definition
- anti-inflammatory
- prophalixis use for CVA
- SE: chest pain, HTN, edema, abd & leg pain, dyspepsia, bleeding
- Monitor: bleeding time (some delays expected) & CBC w/dif, & platelet count
|
|
|
Term
| sodium heparin (Hepalean): anticoagulants |
|
Definition
a. prevent formation of clots
b. prophlaxis treatment of thromboembolic disorders & maintain IV cath patency
c. SE: bleeding, hematoma, anemia/edema, thrombocytopenia, fever
d. Monitor: aPTT (lab req for eval of effectiveness) platelet cnt, PT
e. may raise K+, AST, ALT
|
|
|
Term
| metoprolol (lopressor): beta blocker |
|
Definition
- decrease HR as primary effect
- cardio selective beta blocker
- treat HTN, late MI, & early MI
- may mask signs of hyperglycemia
- SE: dizziness, N/V/D, bradycardia, CHF, mental depression, fatigue, weakness, erectile dysfunction
- Monitor: VS (incl. apical), I&O, daily weight
- may rasie BUN, serum lipoprotein, K+, triglyceride, uric acid, & glucose
|
|
|
Term
| lisinpril (Prinivil & Zestril): ACE inhibitor |
|
Definition
- prevent vasoconstriction by blocking angiotensin I conversion to angiotensin II
- prevents water and sodium retention *dont use w/ K+ sparing diuretics
- renal protective effects
- treat HTN
- SE: hypotention, cough, taste disturbance
- Monitor: BP, P, signs of angioedema, BUN, creatinine, CBC, & lytes
- may raise AST, ALT, & glucose
|
|
|
Term
| amlodipine (Norvasc): Calcium channel blocker |
|
Definition
- inhibit calcium transport
- treatment of angina & HTN (can inprove hear beats in pt w/ thrombotic / embolic strokes)
- SE: overexpression of therapeutic effects, headache, peripheral edema
- Monitor: BP, P, I&O,
- ***DO NOT take w/ grapefruit juice***
|
|
|
Term
| furosemide (Lasix): loop diuretic |
|
Definition
- block Cl- in loop henle
- treatment of edema due to CHF, hepatic or renal disease and ↓BP
- SE: acidosis, hypokalemia, drowsiness, anorexia, parethesis, hematuria, photosensitivity, melena (blood in stool),
- Monitor: fluid status, daily weight, I&O, lung sounds, BP, lytes (esp. K+), hepatic/renal function
- drug-drug: concurrent use w/ corticosteroids may ↑toxicity of hypoglycemic meds & quinide
|
|
|
Term
| siponolactone (aldactone): K+ sparing diuretic |
|
Definition
- inhibit reabsorption of Na+ by kidney
- ↓edema & BP
- SE: electrolyte imbalances, metabolic & GI disturbances, photosensitivity, dizziness, vertigo, headache, impotence,
- Monitor: I&O, daily weight, BP, K+ level, BUN, creatinine, platelet count w/ diff.
- drug/drug: corticosteroids, diazoxide, digitalis, oral hypoglycemics
|
|
|
Term
| simvastin (Zocor): statin |
|
Definition
- prevent reabsorption of bile acid in small intestine
- reduce LDL (bad fat: deposits fat into tissue)
- SE: constipation, bleeding, headache, tinnitus
- Monitor: serum cholesterol, triglycerides, AST, & liver function, diet
|
|
|
Term
| warfarin (Coumadin): anticoagulant |
|
Definition
- interferes w/ vitamin K clotting factor
- prevent/treat CVA, DVT, PE, & afib w/ embolizaition
- SE: bleeding,( no green leafy veg. Coumadin diet)
- Monitor: PT, INR, & other clotting factors, hepatic function, CBC, & stool/ uring for occult blood
- **only anticoagulant given PO
|
|
|
Term
hydrochlorthiazide (Hydrodiuril):
thiazide diurtetic |
|
Definition
- inhibit reabsorption of NA+
- ↓BP, ↓edema
- SE: electrolyte imbalance, GI upset, photsensitivity, dizziness/vertigo, headache, impotence, hypokalemia
- Monitor: I&O, daily weight, BP, K+, BUN, creatinine, platelet w/ diff leukocyte
- drug-drug: corticosteroids, diazoxide, digitalis, oral hypoglycemics
|
|
|
Term
ezetimice (Zetia) lipid lowering agent: statin |
|
Definition
- inhibit cholesterol reabsorption
- lower high cholesterol
- SE: angioedema, constipation, bleeding, tinnitus, headache, nightmares/ sleep disturbances
- **don't use w/ biliary or bowel obstructions
- Monitor: serum cholesterol, triglycerides, AST, & liver function
|
|
|
Term
| nitroglycerin (Nitrostat SL): antianginal |
|
Definition
- coronary vasodilator to reat angina, acute MI, CHF, control HTN during surgery
- SE: reflex tachycardia, headache, ortho hypotension, false high serum cholesterol levels
- drug-drug: can cause hypotension effects w/ concurrent use of: beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, phenothiazines, ED meds
- Monitor: BP, P, and pain characteristics
|
|
|
