Term
| Normal pulmonary pressures vs. aortic pressures |
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Definition
Pulmonary = 25/10
Aortic = 120/80 |
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Term
| How much O2 delivered to tissues per minute? |
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Definition
1 L/min
250 mL of O2 per L of blood and cardiac output is 5 L/min |
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Term
| How much O2 is consumed by tissues per minute? |
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Definition
250 mL/min
Tissues consume 25% of O2 delivery (assume arterial is 100% and venous is 75% saturated with O2) |
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Term
| Largest pressure drop in vasculature occurs... |
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Definition
| Across arterioles (greatest peripheral resistance to flow; regulate microvascular flow) |
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Term
| Which JVP wave is seen in atrial systole vs. atrial filling? |
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Definition
Atrial systole = a wave
Atrial filling = v wave (right before AV valves open)
**NB: c wave seen during isovolumic contraction, NOT ventricular systole |
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Term
| At what point in cardiac cycle is S1 vs. S2 heard? |
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Definition
S1 = during isovolumic contraction
S2 = during isovolumic relaxation (atrial filling) |
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Term
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Definition
S3 = early diastole; due to rapid filling of ventricle and dilated chamber
S4 = late diastole; caused by atrial contraction against non-compliant ventricle |
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Term
| What happens to PV Loop in systolic vs. diastolic failure? |
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Definition
Systolic failure - get dilation of ventricle and increased EDV, decreased stroke volume and ejection fraction; shifts curve to the RIGHT
Diastolic failure - get non-compliant ventricle; VERTICALLY compresses curve (volumes stay the same) |
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Term
| What causes increase in diastolic pressure across SL valves? |
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Definition
Competency of the valves - increases only diastolic pressure across valve
**With insufficiency/regurg of SL valves, see DECREASED diastolic pressure (widened pulse pressure) |
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Term
| What are causes of widened/increased vs. decreased pulse pressure |
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Definition
Wide PP - vasodilation, aortic regurg, atherosclerosis of aorta
Narrow PP - shock, CHF, aortic stenosis |
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Term
| Dicrotic Notch represents... |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the JVP waveforms: |
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Definition
a wave = atrial contraction
c wave = isovolume contraction
X descent = atrial relaxation + ventricular systole
v wave = atrial filling |
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Term
| What 3 things is the stroke volume dependent on? |
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Definition
| Preload, Afterload, Contractility |
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