Term
| RAS is an important regulator of __________ and _______ of the body |
|
Definition
| BP & hydromineral balance |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| 50+ aa sequence - it is a macromolecule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which form of angiotensin is active? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is angiotensinogen stored & synthesized? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is renin stored & synthesized? |
|
Definition
| juxtaglomerular cells of kidney |
|
|
Term
| where is ang I & ang II formed? |
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Definition
| systemic circulation (& tissues) |
|
|
Term
| what is the rate limiting step of the RAS pathway? |
|
Definition
| Angiotensinogen --> Ang I (by Renin) |
|
|
Term
| what type of receptors does Ang II bind to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which peptide has the opposite effect of Ang II? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the macula densa sense? |
|
Definition
| NaCl levels leaving the loop of Henle |
|
|
Term
| 3 pathways that regulate renin release |
|
Definition
1. Macula Densa
2. Baroreceptor in afferent arteriole
3. Beta-adrenergic receptors on juxtaglomerular cells |
|
|
Term
| Vaso________ of the afferent arteriole leads to a decrease in filtration |
|
Definition
| Vasoconstriction --> decreased filtration |
|
|
Term
| what type of receptors are Ang I & AngII receptors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| effect of Ang II on vasculature |
|
Definition
vasoconstriction
promotes smooth muscle hypertrophy |
|
|
Term
| effects of Ang II on adrenal cortex |
|
Definition
synthesize & secrete aldosterone
(leads to Na & water retention) |
|
|
Term
| effects of Ang II on adrenal medulla |
|
Definition
| stimulate Epinephrine release |
|
|
Term
| effects of Ang II on kidney |
|
Definition
EFFERENT arteriole vasoconstriction
inhibit renin release from JXG cells
increase Na reabsorption in proximal tubule |
|
|
Term
| effects of Ang II on heart |
|
Definition
myocardial hypertrophy
collagen synthesis |
|
|
Term
| effects of Ang II on brain |
|
Definition
increase vasopressin release (ADH)
stimulate thirst, salt appetite
increase sympathetic tone |
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|
Term
| pressor effects of Ang II are mediated by the ____ receptor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how do ACE inhibitors cause cough? |
|
Definition
coughing is due to increased levels of bradykinin
ACE naturally decreases bradykinin levels
using an ACE inhibitors causes increase in bradykinin levels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. decrease Ang II
2. increase bradykinin
3. increase angiotensin 1-7 (indirectly) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ang II acts on the _______ arteriole (afferent/efferent) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how do ACEi's affect aldosterone secretion? what does this put the patient at risk for? |
|
Definition
slightly decreases aldosterone secretion
risk for hyperkalemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
HTN
LV systolic dysfunction
acute MI
prevention of CAD events & stroke
chronic renal failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hypotension
cough
angioedema
hyperkalemia (due to decreased aldosterone)
acute renal failure
slightly elevated SCr
teratogenic effect - NO PREGGOS |
|
|
Term
| do ACEi's or ARBs reduce activation of AT1 receptors more efficiently? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which is better at reducing activation of AT1 receptors? ACE's or ARBs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which increases angiotensin 1-7 levels more? ACE's or ARB's? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which increases levels of bradykinin? ACEs or ARBs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| therapeutic uses of ARBs (4) |
|
Definition
HTN
HF
Stroke prophylaxis
Diabetic nephropathy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hypotension
hyperkalemia
teratogenic potential - NO PREGGOS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blocks AT1 receptor & prevents Ang II effects |
|
|
Term
| what is the name of the renin inhibitor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aliskiren is mainly metabolized by _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nosebleed
hyperkalemia
hyperuricemia
HA
Diarrhea
teratogenic effects - NO PREGGOS |
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