Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Cardio drugs- all
all drugs
66
Pharmacology
Professional
09/24/2013

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
angina of effort, classic angina, atherosclerotic angina
Definition
angina pectoris (crushing, strangling chest pain) that is precipitated by exertion
Term
vasoplastic angina, variant angina, prinzmetal angina
Definition
angina precipitated by reverisble spasm of coronary vessels, often at rest
Term
coronary vasodilator
Definition
older, incorrect name for drugs useful in angina; some  are ineffective in angina
Term
Monday's disease
Definition
industrial disease caused by chronic exposure to vasodilating concentrations of organic nitrates in the workplace; characterized by headaches, dizziness, and tachycardia on return to work after two days absence
Term
Nitrate tolerance, tachyphylaxis
Definition
Loss of effort of a nitrate vasodilator when exposure is prolonged beyone 10-12 hours
Term
unstable angina
Definition
rapidly progressing increase in frequency and severity of anginal attacks; an acute coronary syndrome that often heralds imminent myocardial infarction
Term
preload
Definition
filling pressure of the heart dependent on venous tone and blood volume; determines end diastolic fiber length and tension
Term
afterload
Definition
impendance to ejection of stroke volume; determined by arterial blood pressure and arterial stiffness, determines systolic fiber tension
Term
intramyocardial fiber tension
Definition
force exerted by myocardial fibers, especially ventricular fibers at any given time; a primary determinant of oxygen requirement
Term
double product
Definition
the product of heart rate and systolic blood pressure; an estimate of cardiac work
Term
myocardial revascularization
Definition
mechanical interventrion to improve oxygen delivery to the myocardium by angioplasty or bypass grafting
Term
what are ranolazine effects on the heart
Definition

reduced cardiac oxygen demand

improved cardaic oxygen utilization

Term
how does ranolazine improve cardiac oxygen utilization
Definition
it shifts the energy substrate of the heart from fatty acids to glucose
Term
when do you prescribe ranolazine
Definition
for prophylaxis of angina
Term
what are toxicities of ranolazine
Definition

prolongation of the QT interval

inhibits CYP3A and 2D6

nausea, constipation, and dizziness

Term
What is the mechanism of action of Ivabradine
Definition
blocks pacemarker sodium current in sinoartrial node this reduces cardiac rate
Term
what will ivabradine be used to treat
Definition
anginal attacks
Term
what is the mechanism of action of nitrogylcerin
Definition
releases nitric oxide, increases cGMP, and relaxes vascular smooth muscle
Term
what are the clinical uses of nitroglycerin
Definition

acute stable (sublingual form) and unstable angina

angina prophylaxis

hypertension

Term
what are the toxicities of nitroglycerin
Definition
tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, and headache
Term
what is the mechanism of action of nifedipine
Definition

dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker;

vascular>cardiac effects

Term
what are the clinical applications of nifedipine
Definition
hypertension and angina
Term
what is the mechanism of action of diltiazem
Definition
blocks L type calcium channels in smooth muscle and heart; decreases intracellular calcium
Term
what are the clinical applications of diltiazem
Definition
hypertension, angina, and antiarrhythmic
Term
what is the mechanism of action of verapamil
Definition
block L type calcium channels in smooth muscle and heart; decrease intracellular calcium
Term
what are the clinical applications of verapamil
Definition
angina ( both atherosclerotic and vasospastic), hypertension, AV-nodal, arrythmias; migraine
Term
what are the toxicites of verapamil
Definition

 constipation, pretibial edema, flushing, dizziness

higher doses: cardiac depression, hypotension

Term
what is captopril, enalapril and other -prils mechanism of action
Definition

it is an ace inhibitor

reduces angiotensin II and aldestrone secretion

increases bradykinin

Term
what are the clinical application of -prils?
Definition
hypertension and heart failure
Term
what are the toxicities of the -prils?
Definition
dry cough, tetratogenic, hyperkalemia
Term
kinins
Definition
family of vasoactive peptides associated with tissue injury and inflammation
Term
natriurectic peptides
Definition
family of peptides synthesized in brain, heart, and other tissues,
Term
neuropeptides
Definition
peptides with prominent roles as neurotransmitters or modulators; many have potent smooth muscle effects
Term
peptidase
Definition
family of enzymes that activate peptides by hydrolysis
Term
tachykinins
Definition
group of 3 potent neuropeptides, substance P, neurokinin A, and neurokinin B
Term
what is nesiritide mechanism of action
Definition
BNP receptor agonist
Term
what are the clinical applications of nesiritide
Definition
acute heart failure
Term
what are the toxicities of resiritide
Definition
renal damage and hypotension
Term
what is the mechanism of action of bosentan
Definition
ETa and ETb receptor antagonist
Term
what are the clinical applications of bosentan
Definition
pulmonary hypertension
Term
what are the toxicities of bosentan
Definition
hepatic impairment; possible teratogen
Term
lipoprotein
Definition
macromolecular complexes in the blood that transport lipids
Term
apolipoproteins
Definition
proteins on the surface of lipoproteins, they play critical roles in the regulation of lipoprotein metabolism and uptake into cells
Term
Low density lipoprotein (LDL)
Definition

cholesterol rich lipoprotein whose regulated uptake by hepatocytes and other cells requires functional LDL receptors

 

Term
what is elevated LDL concentration associated with
Definition
atherosclerosis
Term
high density lipoprotein (HDL)
Definition
cholesterol rich lipoprotein that transports cholesterol from the tissues to the liver
Term
what is a low concentration of HDL associated with
Definition
atherosclerosis
Term
very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)
Definition
triglyceride and cholesterol rich lipoprotein secreted by the liver that transports trigylcerides to the periphery; precursor to LDL
Term
HMG-CoA reductase
Definition

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase

enzyme catalyzes the rate limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis

Term
lipoprotein lipase (LPL)
Definition

an enzyme found primarily on the surface of the endothelial cells that releases free fatty acids from triglycerides in lipoproteins

the first free fatty acids are taken up into cells

Term
proliferator-activated receptor-alpha
Definition

member of a family of nuclear transcription regulation that participate in the regulation of metabolic processes

target of the fibrate drugs and omega-3 fatty acids 

Term
what are the statins mechanism of action
Definition
competitively inhibit HMG-CoA reductase
Term
what are the clinical applications of statin drugs
Definition
atherosclerotic vascular disease (primary and secondary prevention) acute coronary syndromes
Term
what are the toxicities of statin drugs
Definition
myopathy, hepatic dysfunction, and teratogen
Term
what is the mechanism of action of colestipol
Definition
it prevents reabsorption of bile acids from the gastrointestinal tract
Term
what is the clinical application of colestipol
Definition
elevated LDL cholesterol, pruritus
Term
what is the mechanism of action of ezetimibe
Definition
it reduces intestinal uptake of cholesterol by inhibiting sterol transporter
Term
what is the clinical application of ezetimibe
Definition
elevated LDL cholesterol, phytosterolemia
Term
what are the toxicities of ezetimibe
Definition
rarely, hepatic dsyfunction, myositis
Term
what are the toxicities of colestipol
Definition
constipation and bloating
Term
what is the mechanism of action of niacin
Definition

decreases VLDL synthesis and LDL cholesterol concentrations

increases HDL cholesterol

Term
what is the clinical application of niacin
Definition
low HDL cholesterol, elevated VLDL and LDL
Term
what are the toxicities associated whti niacin
Definition
gi irritation, flushing, hepatic toxicity, hyperuricemia, may reduce glucose tolerance
Term
what is the mechanism of action of gemfibrozil
Definition
peroxisome proliferative activated receptor-alpha agonist
Term
what is the clinical applications of gemfibrozil
Definition
hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL cholesterol
Term
what are the toxicities associated with gemibrozil
Definition
myopathy, hepatic dysfunction, cholestasis
Supporting users have an ad free experience!