Term
| What and who are abdominal aortic aneurysms associated with? |
|
Definition
| atherosclerosis in old male smokers |
|
|
Term
| What are thoracic aortic aneurysms associated with? (2) |
|
Definition
Hypertension
Cystic medial necrosis (Marfan's syndrome) |
|
|
Term
| What is a physical exam finding in an aortic dissection? |
|
Definition
| BP discrepency between right and left arm |
|
|
Term
Stable Angina:
- cause
- ECG finding |
|
Definition
Cause: atherosclerosis (usually)
ECG: ST depression
(pain on exertion, relieved by rest and nitroglycerine) |
|
|
Term
Prinzmetal's variant angina:
- cause
- ECG finding |
|
Definition
Cause: coronary artery spasm
ECG: ST elevation |
|
|
Term
Unstable/Crescendo Angina:
- cause
- ECG finding |
|
Definition
Cause: thrombosis (no necrosis)
ECG: ST depression
(worsening chest pain not relieved by rest) |
|
|
Term
| What is coronary steal syndrome? |
|
Definition
| a vasodilator can worsen coronary ischemia because it dilates non-ischemic arteries (ischemic one is already dilated maximally) and steals the blood away from the ischemic area |
|
|
Term
| What are the top 3 coronary arteries (in order) to cause an MI from occlusion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
0-4 hours after a Myocardial Infarction:
- gross findings
- histo findings
- risk |
|
Definition
Gross: no change
Histo: no change
Risk: arrhythmia |
|
|
Term
4-12 hours after a Myocardial Infarction:
- gross findings (2)
- histo findings (4)
- risk |
|
Definition
Gross: dark mottling, pale with tetrazolium stain
Histo: Early coagulative necrosis, edema, hemorrhage, wavy fibers
Risk: arrhythmia |
|
|
Term
12-24 hours after a Myocardial Infarction:
- gross findings
- histo findings
- risk |
|
Definition
Gross: dark mottling, pale with tetrazolium stain
Histo: Contraction bands, cell contents in blood, a few neutrophils
Risk: arrhythmia |
|
|
Term
2-4 days after a Myocardial Infarction:
- gross findings
- histo findings
- risk |
|
Definition
Gross: Hyperemia (engorged vessels), inflammation of surrounding tissue
Histo: Extensive coagulative necrosis, Neutrophils
Risk: arrhythmia |
|
|
Term
5-10 days after a Myocardial Infarction:
- gross findings
- histo findings
- risk |
|
Definition
Gross: central yellow-brown softening
Histo: granulation tissue (macrophages)
Risk: wall or papillary muscle ruptures |
|
|
Term
7 weeks after a Myocardial Infarction:
- gross findings
- histo findings
- risk |
|
Definition
Gross: gray-white scar
Histo: scar (fibrous)
Risk: ventricular aneurysm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ECG changes
↑ Troponin (after 4 hours)- first
↑ CK-MB (myoglobin creatinine kinase): in muscle too
↑ AST (aspartate amminotransferase): in liver and muscle too |
|
|
Term
| 2 possible ECG findings in a transmural infarct |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An ECG finding in subendocardial infarcts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What tissues is CK-MB (myoglobin creatinine kinase) found in? |
|
Definition
Cardiac muscle
Skeletal muscle |
|
|
Term
| What tissues is AST (aspartate amminotransferase) found in? |
|
Definition
Cardiac muscle
Skeletal muscle
Liver |
|
|
