Term
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Definition
| fibrous CT sac surrounding the heart |
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Term
| serous, epicardium, mesothelial cells |
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Definition
| cardiac muscle has an outer fibrous CT tissue layer and an inner ____ layer continuous with ______ containing ___ cells |
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Term
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Definition
| lubrication containsed within pericardium |
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Term
| epicardium, myocardium, endocardium |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| type of mesothelium that is on the external surface of the heart |
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Term
| underlying fibroblastic CT and adipose tissue |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| layer of heart where blood vessels and nerves are located |
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Term
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Definition
| there is a protective layer of ____ surrounding the heart |
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Term
| thinner in atria, thicker in ventricles |
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Definition
| myocardium is _____ in the atria and _____ in the ventricles |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| myocardium contains bundles of myocytes attached to thick, ______ CT skeleton |
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Term
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Definition
| lines atria, and ventricles, covers heart valves |
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Term
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Definition
| type of endothelium in the heart (endocardium) |
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Term
| subendothelial fibroblastic CT interspersed with reticular fibers and smooth muscle |
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Definition
| supports endothelium of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| thicker in atria than ventricles due to greater turbulence in atria |
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Term
thicker-endocardium
thinner-myocardium |
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Definition
| what is thick in the atria, what is thinner in the atria? |
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Term
| within subepi and endocardial layers |
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Definition
| where are purkinje fibers located in the heart? |
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Term
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Definition
| the heart fibrous CT skeleton is composed of ___ and ____ |
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Term
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Definition
| tough fibrous rings at the base of the aorta and pulmonary arteries (AV valves) extending into the IVS |
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Term
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Definition
| tissue ossifies to form bony rings at the base of the AV valves to form this |
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Term
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Definition
| cardiac valves contain layer of fibrous tissue called _____ ___ covered with endothelium |
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Term
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Definition
| intermediate between smooth and skeletal muscle structurally and functionally |
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Term
| 1, central (ocassionally 2) |
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Definition
| how many nuclei cardiac muscle cells have and the location |
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Term
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Definition
| cardiac fibers are striated but under _____ control |
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Term
| diad, 1, 1 (skeletal muscle has 2 cisternae & 1 t-tubule) |
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Definition
| instead of a triad, cardiac contractile proteins have and intracellular ____ composed of _(#) T-tubules and __(#) cisterna of ER located at the _____ |
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Term
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Definition
| inherent automaticity is exhibited by individual ____ ____ |
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Term
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Definition
| M fibers of cardiac muscle cells branch, but the ends abut at specialized ____ unique to cardiac muscles-a specialized connection between cells |
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Term
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Definition
| enhance spread of contractile stimulus between cardiac mm cells and allow synchronous contractions |
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Term
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Definition
| provides attachment sites for myofibrils between adjacent cardiac mm cells |
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Term
| desmosomes, fascia adherens, gap junctions |
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Definition
| cell junctions that make up intercalated discs |
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Term
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Definition
| bind individual myocytes together laterally and on ends |
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Term
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Definition
| join ENDS of M fibers, like zonula adherens |
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Term
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Definition
| located laterally, provide ionic communication between cells, synchronize contractions and allow muscle to behave as a syncitium |
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Term
| sa node, av node, bundle of his, purkinje fibers |
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Definition
| components of cardiac conduction |
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Term
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Definition
| sa node, av node, bundle of his, and purkinje fibers consist of highly modified cardiac myocytes that coordinate conduction, joined by extensive ______ |
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Term
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Definition
| cardiac conduction cells are _____ than surrounding cardiac muscle cells and conduct impulses ____ faster |
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Term
| paler, due to glycogen content |
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Definition
| conduction cells in cardiac tissue stain _____ due to ______ content |
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Term
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Definition
| pacemaker, located at the junction of the superior vena cava and RA |
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Term
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Definition
| generates impulses that induce contraction of atria |
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Term
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Definition
| as impulses travel across atria, they stimulate the ____ (located between RA and V) |
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Term
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Definition
| delays the impulse giving atria time to contract |
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Term
| interventricular septa (IVS) |
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Definition
| after impulses cross the atria they travel down what structure |
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Term
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Definition
| this structure branches into L and R AV bundles within the IVS |
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Term
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Definition
| initiates ventricular contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| when bundle of his fibers subdivide in ventricular myocardium they ramify into ___ within the endocardium and epicardium of ventricular free wall |
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Term
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Definition
| what do purkinje fibers gradually merge with |
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Term
| sympathetic ganglia, increases |
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Definition
| sympathetic stimulation originates from ____ and ___ heart rate |
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Term
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Definition
| parasympathetic stimulation originates from ____ and ___ heart rate |
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