Term
| What are the 4 calcium channel blockers? (NAFV) |
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Definition
-dipine
Nifedipine, Amlodipine, Felodipine, Verapramil |
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Term
| How do calcium channel blockers work? (2 methods) |
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Definition
1) Decrease the contractility and workload of the heart. Decreases the need for O2.
2) Vasodilation of coronary and peripheral vessels. |
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Term
| What are the 3 indications/uses for using a calcium channel blocker? |
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Definition
| Hypertension, Angina and Arrhythmia |
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Term
| What are the adverse effects of calcium channel blockers? (Think of what a calcium channel blocker does) |
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Definition
| Bradycardia, hypotension, headache, reflex tachycardia |
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Term
| What are nursing considerations for calcium channel blockers? |
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Definition
Administer between meals.
Take a clients pulse before each does. Withold if pulse is below 60bpm.
Refer for signs of CHF. |
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Term
| What are the 4 ACE inhibitor medications? CEQL |
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Definition
-opril/-april
Captopril, Enalapril, Quinapril, Lisinopril |
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Term
| How do ACE inhibitors work? |
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Definition
| Prevents vasoconstriction by blocking Angiotensin from converting. This lowers perpheral resistance. |
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Term
| What are the adverse effects of ACE inhibitors? (2) |
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Definition
Hyperkalemia (Too much potassium)
Induces a chronic cough. |
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Term
| What are the nursing considerations of using an ACE inhibitor? (2) |
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Definition
Try not to DC in case of rebound hypertension.
Avoid using potassium sparing diuretics. |
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Term
| What are the main diuretics? AMHFS |
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Definition
Acetazolamide
Mannitol
Hydrochlorothiazide
Lasix
Spironolactone. |
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Term
| What kind of diuretic is Acetazolimide (Diamox) and how does it work? |
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Definition
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
Works by increasing Sodium, Potassium and HCO3 secretion along with water. |
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Term
| What kind of diuretic is Mannitol and how does it work? |
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Definition
An osmotic Diuretic
Increases osmotic pressure of the Glomerular Filtrate |
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Term
| What is a nursing consideration for Acetazolimide? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a nursing consideration for Mannitol? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of diuretic is Hydrochlorothiazide and how does it work? |
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Definition
Thiazide
Blocks sodium and potassium reabsorption and reasorbs calcium. |
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Term
| What is a nursing consideration for hydrochlorothiazide? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of diuretic is Lasix and how does it work? |
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Definition
Loop diuretic
Blocks sodium, potassium and calcium reabsorption. |
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Term
| What is a nursing consideration for Lasix? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of diuretic is Spironolactone and how does it work? |
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Definition
Potassium sparing diuretic
Excretes sodium and water, but reabsorbs potassium |
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Term
| What is a nursing consideration for Spironolactone? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do osmotic diuretics have their main effect on the nephron? |
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Definition
| Proximal convoluted tubules and thin descending loop of Henley |
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Term
| How do Loop diuretics affect the nephrons? |
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Definition
| In the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henley, it prevents sodium re-absorption. Prevents Chloride re-absorption halting potassium and sodium re-absorption in the loop. Also prevents re-absorption of calcium and magnesium. |
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Term
| How do Thiazide diuretics affect the nephrons? |
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Definition
| Inhibits Sodium and Chloride pumps in the distal convoluted tubule transports from going back into the blood. |
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Term
| Where do Potassium Sparing diuretics work in the nephron? |
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Definition
| End of the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting ducts. |
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Term
| Where is the majority of sodium reabsorbed by the nephron? |
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Definition
| 65-70% in the proximal convoluted tubule |
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Term
| What is the affect of carbonyic anhydrase inhibitors on the Nephron? |
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Definition
| Prevents the re-absorption of sodium bicarbonate back into the body. |
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Term
| What affect do osmotic diuretics have on the nephron? |
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Definition
| Increases solute concentration and cause water to be retained instead of sent out. Osmosis -> Higher solute concentration, water wants to stay around. By shunting out water, plasma volume decreases. |
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Term
| Where do Thiazide diuretics affect the Nephron? |
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Definition
| Distal convoluted tubule. |
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Term
| What do Thiazide diuretics decrease the excretion of? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do potassium sparing diuretics work in the nephron? |
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Definition
| Spirunolactalone is an aldosterone inhibitor. Inhibits the binding of aldosterone to the cells, preventing a sodium/potassium pump from excreting potassium and re-absorbing Sodium. |
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Term
| Where do carbonynic anhydrase inhibitors work on the nephron? |
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Definition
| In the proximal convoluted tubules. |
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