Term
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Definition
| Recptor on the t-tubule, made of 4 L-type Ca++ channels, that is the voltage sensor. Located in skeletal muscle. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ca++ release channel of the SR. It is triggered by the DHP receptor. Located in skeletal muscle and in cardiac muscle. |
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Term
| CIRC--> Ca++ induced Ca++ release |
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Definition
| AP travels down the t-tubule, they activate L-type Ca++ channels resulting in an inward flux of Ca++. This inward Ca++ triggers a BIG release of Ca++ from the SR, which contracts the cardiac muscle. |
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Term
1. SERCA 2. Na-Ca exchanger 3. Sarcolemma ATPase 4. Ca uptake into mitochondria |
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Definition
| 4 mechanisms of removing Ca++ from the sarcoplasm |
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Term
1. Diastole 2. Positive 3. There are 3 Na+ in for every Ca++ out. |
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Definition
| During ______ we want to get the Ca++ out of the cell. Even though Ca++ is going out, the net current is ______. This is because___________. |
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Term
1. Diastole 2. Repolarization |
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Definition
| During ______ we want to get the Ca++ out of the cell. This is called __________. |
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Term
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Definition
| This is an intrinsic property of the myocardium, independent of innervation. |
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Term
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Definition
EDV- end diastolic volume = ________ When this is EDV, the _____ is greater. |
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Term
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Definition
| The active length-tension curve is _______ |
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Term
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Definition
| The passive-length tension curve is _____. |
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Term
1. tension generation. 2. SV |
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Definition
| The Franks-Starling law of the heart says that preload is directly related to _________ and ________. |
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Term
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Definition
| Does the Frank-Starling mechanism depend on innervation? |
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Term
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Definition
| Does it take higher pressure to open the aortic valve when there is increase preload? |
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Term
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Definition
| Is there an increase in peak systolic BP with increased preload? |
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Term
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Definition
| Does the contractility change when the preload is higher? |
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Term
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Definition
| Does the pressure at which the aortic valve shuts change with higher preload? |
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Term
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Definition
| Does the SV increase with higher preload? |
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Term
1. Preload 2. Afterload 3. Contractility |
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Definition
| What 3 things determine SV? |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
1. L-type Ca++ channels, increase the contractility by increasing Ca++ in the cell 2. RyR, increases the contractility by increasing Ca++ in cell 3. Phospholamban, increases HR by speed relaxation 4. Tn I, increases HR by speed relaxation * These are all phosphorylated |
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Definition
| There are 4 targets for Beta-receptor activation that lead to excitation contraction coupling. What are those targets? and how do they work? |
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Term
| NEpi and/or Epi bind to Beta receptors--> Gprotein mediated activation of adenylate cyclase--> increase in cAMP-->PKA will phosphorylate. |
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Definition
| What is the chain rxn that causes the phosphorylation of the L-type Ca++, RyR, Phospholamban, TnI? |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Increase HR so leave Ca++ so get higher contractility, but will drop off |
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Definition
| Bowditch staircase effect |
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Term
| It decreases the SERCA2 pump, and doesn't pump Ca++ back into the SR as fast. |
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Definition
| What does unphosphorylated PLB do? |
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Term
| You get augmented contractility on the beat after that. This is due to all the Ca++ left in the cell. |
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Definition
| Normal contraction followed by a premature contraction, then ________. |
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Term
1. Beta 1 agonist- doubutamine 2. Cardiac glycosides- digitalis, digoxin |
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Definition
| 2 drugs with positive inotropic effect |
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Term
| They block the Na-K pumps and increase the Na inside the cell. This inhibits the Na+-Ca++ exchanger, so the Ca cannot be pumped out of the cell. Contractility is increased. |
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Definition
| How do cardiac glycosides work? |
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Term
1. Beta blockers 2. Verapamil, L-type Ca++ channel blocker |
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Definition
| 2 drugs with negative inotropic effects |
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Term
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Definition
Ejection fraction = AND It is a measure of ______ |
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Term
1. End systolic pressure-volume ratio 2. Rate of change of ventricular pressure during systole 3. Ejection fraction |
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Definition
| 3 ways to quantify contractility |
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Term
the BP in the aorta increase the work of the LV |
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Definition
Afterload = If this is increased, you will _________. |
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Term
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Definition
| Demand for O2 in the heart goes up with ________. |
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Term
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Definition
| Increase of pressure is and increase in wall thickness or dialation? |
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Term
1. Pregnancy 2. Athlete 3. Early mitral or aortic regurg. Eccentric hypertrophy |
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Definition
3 reasons that you would get an increase in volume What is this called? |
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Term
1. aortic stenosis 2. chronic HTN 3. aortic coartication Concentric hypertrophy |
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Definition
3 reasons you'd get an increase in pressure What is this called? |
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Term
Dialated cardiomyopathy and Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
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Definition
| Eccentric and concentric hypertrophy can lead to this ______ and this ______, respectively. |
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