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Carbon & the Molecular Diversity of Life
Campbell Chapter 4
19
Biology
11th Grade
10/31/2010

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Term
organic chemistry
Definition
study of carbon compounds
Term
hydrocarbons
Definition
compounds consisting only of the elements hydrogen and carbon
Term
isomer
Definition
compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures and different properties
Term
structural isomer
Definition
compounds that differ in the covalent arrangement of their atoms
Term
geometric isomers
Definition
compounds that have all the same covalent partners, but they differ in their spatial arrangement
Term
enantiomers
Definition
molecules that are mirror images of each other. Need asymmetric carbon atoms
Term
functional groups
Definition
attachments that replace one or more hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon skeleton of a hydrocarbon
Term
hydroxyl group
Definition
hydrogen bonded to an oxygen atom
Term
alcohols
Definition
organic compounds containing a hydroxyl group
Term
carbonyl group
Definition
carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom
Term
aldehyde
Definition
organic compound with a carbonyl group on the end of the carbon skeleton
Term
ketone
Definition
organic compound with a carbonyl group in between two carbon atoms
Term
carboxyl group
Definition
oxygen double bonded to a carbon that is also bonded to a hydroxyl group
Term
carboxylic acid
Definition
organic compound containing a carboxyl group
Term
amino group
Definition
nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms
Term
amines
Definition
organic compounds containing amino groups
Term
sulfhydryl group
Definition
sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom
Term
thiol
Definition
organic compounds containing sulfhydryl groups
Term
phophate groups
Definition
phosphate ion covalently bonded by one of its oxygen atoms to the carbon skeleton
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