Term
| Important points about carbon: |
|
Definition
- 4 valence electrons --- form chemical bond w/ up to 4 different atoms
- bond with other carbon atoms
- millions of different large and complex molecular structures r possible
- carbon = backbone element
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small individual molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| monomers join together to form ___ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| macromolecules combine with each other to form polymers (monomer + monomer = polymer) and this process is called ___ |
|
|
Term
Four organic compounds found in living things:
|
|
Definition
- carbohydrates
- lipids
- nucleic acids
- proteins
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
- usually, ratio of 1:2:1
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| living things use ___ as their main source of energy |
|
|
Term
| supplies immediate energy |
|
Definition
| the breakdown of sugars does what (hint: supplies what immediately?) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| living things store extra sugar as complex carbohydrates know as ___ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large macromolecules formed from monosaccharides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| many animals store excess sugar in a polysaccharide called ___ or animal starch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms... also known as fat |
|
|
Term
- store energy
- chemical messengers
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
- polymers assembled from individual monomers known as nucleotides
|
|
|
Term
- a 5-carbon sugar
- phosphate group
- nitrogenous base
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nucleic acids ___ and ___ hereditary, or genetic, information. |
|
|
Term
- ribonucleic acid (RNA) - sugar ribose
- deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - sugar deoxyribose
|
|
Definition
| 2 kinds of nucleic acids: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- macromolecules that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
- polymers of molecules called amino acids
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- compounds with an amino group (-NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other end
- also known as the building blocks of proteins
|
|
|
Term
- control the rate of reactions and regulate cell process
- form bones and muscles
- transport substances into or out of cels
- help fight disease
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction__. elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction ___. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chemical reactions always involve the ___ of bonds in reactants and the ___ of new bonds in products. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Energy is __ or ___ whenever chemical bonds form or are broken. |
|
|
Term
| spontaneously; trigger (something to set it off) |
|
Definition
| Chemical reactions that release energy are __. Chemical reactions that absorb energy needs a ___. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemists call the energy that is needed to get a reaction started the ___ energy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proteins that act biological catalysts --- speed up chemical reactions that take place in the ___. |
|
|
