Supraspinatus

Origin: Supraspinous fossa; spine of scapula

Insertion: Greater & lesser tubercles of humerus

Function: Extend, stabilize shoulder

Infraspinatus

 Origin: Infraspinous fossa

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Function: Flex/extend shoulder; abduct shoulder; rotate arm laterally

Deltoideus

Origin: Scapular spine

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity

Function: Flex shoulder

Teres minor

Origin: Infraglenoid tubercle and scapular caudal border

Insertion: Teres minor tuberosity of humerous

Function: Flex shoulder; rotate arm laterally

Subscapularis

Origin: Subscapular fossa

Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus

Function: Adduct, extend and stabilize shoulder; rotate arm medially

Subscapularis

Origin: Subscapular fossa

Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus

Function: Adduct, extend, stabilize shoulder

Teres major

Origin: Caudal border of scapula

Insertion: Teres major tuberosity of humerus

Function: Flex shoulder, rotate arm medially

Coracobrachialis

Origin: Coracoid process of scapula

Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus

Function: Adduct, extend, stabilize shoulder

Tensor fascia antebrachii

Origin: Fascia covering latissimus dorsi

Insertion: Olecranon

Function: Extend elbow

Triceps brachii

Long head

Origin: Caudal scapular border

Insertion: Olecranon

Function: Extend elbow; flex shoulder

Triceps brachii

Lateral head

Origin: Tricipital line of humerus

Insertion: Olecranon

Function: Extend elbow

Triceps bracii

Accessory head

Origin: Neck of humerus

Insertion: Olecranon

Function: Extend elbow

Triceps bracii

Medial head

Origin: Lesser tubercle

Insertion: Olecranon

Function: Extend elbow

Anconeus

Origin: Supracondylar crest and lateral and medial epicondyles of humerus.

Insertion: Lateral proximal unla

Function: Extend elbow

Biceps bracii

Origin: Supraglenoid tubercle

Insertion: Ulnar and radial tuberosities

Function: Flex elbow

Brachialis

Origin: Lateral humerus

Insertion: Ulnar and radial tuberosities

Function: Flex elbow

Extensor carpi radialis

Origin: Supracondylar crest of humerus I

nsertion: small dorsal tuberosities of metacarpals II, III

Function: Extend digits

Superficial pectoralis

(descending and transverse)

Origin: Caudal sternum

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Function: Adduct limb; stabilize limb when bearing weight

Deep Pectoralis

Origin: Ventral sternum I raphe; deep abdominal fascia near caudal sternum/xiphoid process

Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus; medial brachial fascia

Function: Adduct limb; flex shoulder

Cleidobrachialis

Origin: Clavicle

Insertion: Distal cranial (?) humerus; fascial tie into axilla

Function: Advance limb

Cleidocephalicus

Origin: Clavicle

Insertion: Mastoid process (head and neck)

Function: Draw head/neck laterally

Sternocephalicus

 Origin: Cranial sternum/manubrium

Insertion: Temporal bone, nuchial crest of occipital bone

Function: Draw head/neck laterally

Sternohyoidus

Origin: Caudal sternum & 1st costal cartilage

Insertion: Basihyoid

Function: Pull tongue and larynx caudally

Sternothyroideus

Origin: 1st costal cartilage

Insertion: Caudolateral thyroid cartilage

Functon: Draw tongue & larynx caudally

Omotransversarius

Origin: Transverse wing of atlas

Insertion: Distal spine of scapula

Function: Advance limb or flex neck laterally

Trapezius

Origin: Median raphe of neck and supraspinous ligament (from C3 - T9)

Insertion: Scapular spine

Function: Elevate, adduct limb

Rhomboideus

(Capitis, cervicis and thoracis parts)

Origin: Nuchal crest of occipital bone; median raphe of neck; spinous processes of T1 - T7

Insertion: Dorsal border of scapula

Function: Elevate limb

Latissimus dorsi

 Origin: Thoracolumbar fascia of spinous processes of lumbar and the last 7-8 T-verebrae; the last 2-3 ribs

Insertion: Teres major tuberosity of humerus

Function: Digging, flex shoulder

Serratus ventralis cervicis

Serratus ventralis thoracis

Origin: Transverse processes of the last 5 C vertebrae and the 1st 7-8 ventral ribs

Insertion: Serrated face of scapula

Function: Serves as hammock for trunk; depress scapula

Tensor fasciae antebrachii

Origin: Lateral fascia of latissimus dorsi

Insertion: Olecranon

Function: Extend elbow

Triceps Brachii

Long Head

 Origin: Caudal border of scapula

Insertion: Olecranon tuber

Function: Extend elbow, flex shoulder

Triceps brachii

Lateral Head

Origin: Tricipital line of humerus

Insertion: Olecranon tuber

Function: Extend elbow

Triceps brachii

Accessory Head

Origin: Humeral neck

Insertion: Olecranon tuber

Function: Extend elbow

Triceps brachii

Medial Head

Origin: Lesser tubercle of humerus

Insertion: Olecranon

Extend elbow

Aconeus

Origin: Lateral supracondylar crest, lateral & medial epicondyles of humerus

Insertion: Proximal lateral ulna

Function: Extend elbow

Biceps brachii

Origin: Supraglenoid tubercle

Insertion: Ulnar & radial tuberosities

Function: Flex elbow, extend shoulder

Brachialis

Origin: Lateral proximal humerus

Insertion: Ulnar & radial tuberosities

Function: Flex elbow

Extensor carpi radialis

Origin: Lateral supracondylar crest

Insertion: dorsal aspects of metacarpals II & III

Function: Extend carpus

Common Digital extensor

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Extensor processes of distal phalanges of II, III, IV, V

Function: Extend 4 digits and carpus

Lateral digital extensor

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: proximal aspect of all phalanges of III, IV and V

Function: Extend joints III, IV & V and carpus

Ulnaris lateralis

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: metacarpal V and accessory carpal bone

Function: Abduct and flex carpus

Supinator

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Cranial proximal radius

Function: Supinate manus, flex elbow

Abductor pollicis longus

Origin: Lateral ulna

Insertion: Proximal metacarpal I

Function: Abduct 1st digit/pollex

Pronator teres

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Medial border of radius

Function: Pronate forearm; flex elbow

Flexor carpi radialis

Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus & medial border of radius

Insertion: Palmar side of metacarpals II & III

Function: Flex carpus