Term
| A typical long bone consists of: |
|
Definition
-Epiphysis
-Epiphyseal plate (growth plate)
-Metaphysis
-Diaphysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Support the body
-Protect soft tissue
-Provide a system of levels for locomotion |
|
|
Term
| The appendicular skeleton is composed of: |
|
Definition
| Thoracic limb, pelvic limb |
|
|
Term
| The axial skeleton is composed of: |
|
Definition
| Vertebra, rib, sternum, skull |
|
|
Term
| The splanchnic or visceral skeleton consists of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the three types of joints |
|
Definition
| Fibrous, Cartilaginous, synovial |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| United by fibrous connective tissue (skull) |
|
|
Term
| What is a cartilaginous joint? |
|
Definition
| United by cartilage (vertebral bodies) |
|
|
Term
| What is a synovial joint? |
|
Definition
| "true joints" that allow for the most movement, commonly involved in dislocation (shoulder, knee) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement, heat generation from shivering |
|
|
Term
| List the three types of muscles |
|
Definition
| Cardiac, smooth, skeletal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Muscle of the blood vessels and viscera |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Responsible for movement, and also organs such as the tongue and eye |
|
|
Term
| What are the nerve anatomical categories? |
|
Definition
| Central nervous system, peripheral nervous system |
|
|
Term
| What are the nerve functional categories? |
|
Definition
| Somatic nervous system, autonomic nervous system |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the thoracic limb? |
|
Definition
| Weight bearing and propulsion |
|
|
Term
| What attaches to the supraspinous fossa of the scapula? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What attaches to the infraspinous fossa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What attaches to the acromion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What attaches to the supraglenoid tubercle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What attaches to the coracoid process? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What attaches to the subscapular fossa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The lateral epicondyle of the humerus provides origins for which muscles? |
|
Definition
| The extensor muscles for the carpus and digit |
|
|
Term
| What three processes are prone to fracture on the ulna? |
|
Definition
| Anconeal process, lateral coronoid process, and medial coronoid process |
|
|
Term
| What innervates the pectoral muscles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What innervates the brachiocephalicus m? |
|
Definition
-Accessory nerve
-ventral branches of the cervical spinal n |
|
|
Term
| What innervates the sternocephalicus m? |
|
Definition
-Accessory nerve
-ventral branches of the cervical spinal n |
|
|
Term
| What innervates the omotransversarius m? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What innervates the trapezius m? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What innervates the rhomboideus m? |
|
Definition
| Ventral branches of the cervical and thoracic spinal nerves |
|
|
Term
| What innervates the latissimus dorsi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What innervates the serratus ventralis m? |
|
Definition
| Ventral branches of the cervical and thoracic spinal nerves (long thoracic n) |
|
|
Term
| What innervates the cutaneous trunci? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What four muscles are innervated by the accessory nerve? |
|
Definition
| Brachiocephalicus m, sternocephalicus m, omotransversarius m, trapezius m |
|
|
Term
| What four muscles are innervated by the cervial spinal nerves? |
|
Definition
| Brachiocephalicus m, sternocephalicus m, rhomboideus m, and serratus ventralis |
|
|
Term
| What two muscles are innervated by the thoracic spinal nerves? |
|
Definition
| rhomboideus m, and serratus ventralis |
|
|
Term
| What two muscles are innervated by the accessory nerves and the ventral branches of the cervical spinal nerves? |
|
Definition
| Brachiocephalicus m, and sternocephalicus m |
|
|
Term
| What are the three parts of the brachiocephalicus? |
|
Definition
| Cleidobrachialis, cleidocervicalis, cleidomastoideus |
|
|
Term
| How do the extrinsic muscles join the axial skeleton? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the action of the pectoral m? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the action of the sternocephalicus m? |
|
Definition
| draw the head/neck to the side |
|
|
Term
| What is the action of the brachiocephalicus m? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the action of the omotransversarius m? |
|
Definition
-advance the limb
-flex the neck |
|
|
Term
| What is the action of the trapezius m? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the action of the rhomboideus m? |
|
Definition
-elevate limb
-draw scapula against the trunk |
|
|
Term
| What is the action of the latissimus dorsi m? |
|
Definition
-digging
-flex the shoulder joint |
|
|
Term
| What is the action of the cutaneous trunci m? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the action of the serratus ventralis m? |
|
Definition
-support the trunk
-depress the scapula |
|
|
Term
| What innervates the deltoideus m? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What innervates the suprapinatus m? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What innervates the infraspinatus m? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What innervates the teres minor m? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What innervates the subscapularis m? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What innervates the teres major m? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What innervates the coracobrachialis m? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What innervates the tensor fascia antebrachii m? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What innervates the triceps brachii m? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What innervates the anconeus m? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What innervates the biceps brachii m? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What innervates the brachialis m? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The musculocutaneous n innervates which muscle(s)? |
|
Definition
-Biceps brachii m
-Brachialis m
-Coracobrachialis m |
|
|
Term
| The radial n innervates which muscle(s)? |
|
Definition
-Tensor fascia antebrachii
-Triceps brachii m
-Anconeus m
-Extensor muscles of the antebrachium |
|
|
Term
| What is the origin of the supraspinatus m? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the insertion of the supraspinatus m? |
|
Definition
| Greater tubercle of the humerus |
|
|
Term
| What is the action of the deltoideus m? |
|
Definition
| flexion of the shoulder joint |
|
|
Term
| What is the action of the supraspinatous m? |
|
Definition
| extend and stabilize shoulder joint |
|
|
Term
| What is the action of the infraspinatus m? |
|
Definition
| stabilize the shoulder joint |
|
|
Term
| What is the action of teres minor m? |
|
Definition
| flex, rotate the limb laterally |
|
|
Term
| What is the action of the subscapularis m? |
|
Definition
| adduct, stabilize, extend |
|
|
Term
| What is the action of teres major? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the origin of teres major m? |
|
Definition
| The caudal angle of the scapula |
|
|
Term
| What is the insertion of teres major m? |
|
Definition
| teres major tuberosity of the humerus |
|
|
Term
| What is the action of the coracobrachialis m? |
|
Definition
| adduct, extend, stabilize |
|
|
Term
| What is the action of the subscapularis m? |
|
Definition
| adduct, stabilize, rotate medially, extend |
|
|
Term
| What is the action of the tensor fascia antebrachii m? |
|
Definition
| extension of the elbow joint |
|
|
Term
| What is the action of the triceps brachii m? |
|
Definition
| extend the elbow joint, flex shoulder joint (long head) |
|
|
Term
| What are the four parts of the triceps brachii? |
|
Definition
| Long head, medial head, lateral head, and accessory head |
|
|
Term
| What is the origin of the triceps brachii? |
|
Definition
| from the caudal border of the scapula to the proximal one third of the humerus |
|
|
Term
| What is the insertion of the triceps brachii? |
|
Definition
| Olecranon tuberosity on the ulna |
|
|
Term
| What is the action of the anconeus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the origin of the biceps brachii m? |
|
Definition
| supraglenoid tubercle on the scapula |
|
|
Term
| What is the insertion of the biceps brachii m? |
|
Definition
| ulnar and radial tuberosities |
|
|
Term
| What does the shoulder tendon pass through? |
|
Definition
| The intertubercular groove of the proximal end of the humerus |
|
|
Term
| What holds the shoulder tendon in place in the intertubercular groove of the humerus? |
|
Definition
| transverse humeral retinaculum |
|
|
Term
| What are the lateral muscles of the scapula and shoulder? |
|
Definition
| deltoideus m, supraspinatus m, infraspinatus m, and teres minor m |
|
|
Term
| What are the medial muscles of the scapula and shoulder? |
|
Definition
| subscapularis m, teres major m, and coracobrachialis m |
|
|
Term
| What are the caudal muscles of the arm? |
|
Definition
| tensor fascia antebrachii m, triceps brachii m, and anconeus |
|
|
Term
| What are the cranial muscles of the arm? |
|
Definition
| biceps brachii m, and brachialis m |
|
|
Term
| The axillary n innervates which muscle(s)? |
|
Definition
| Deltoideus m, teres minor m, and teres major m |
|
|
Term
| The suprascapular n innervates which muscle(s)? |
|
Definition
| supraspinatus and infraspinatus |
|
|
Term
| Name the cranial and lateral muscles of the forearm. |
|
Definition
-extensor carpi radialis m
-common digital extensor m
-lateral digital extensor m
-ulnaris lateralis m
-supinator m
-abductor pollicis longus m |
|
|
Term
| What is the origin and innervation of the cranial and lateral muscles of the forearm? |
|
Definition
Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Innervation: radial nerve |
|
|
Term
| What is the action of the cranial and lateral muscles of the forearm? |
|
Definition
| extend the carpus and digits |
|
|
Term
| What is the insertion of the flexor carpi radialis m? |
|
Definition
| base of metacarpals II and III |
|
|
Term
| What is the insertion of the common digital extensor m? |
|
Definition
| extensor process of the distal phalanges |
|
|
Term
| What is the action of the supinator m? |
|
Definition
| rotate the arm laterally, flex the elbow |
|
|
Term
| What is the action of the Abductor pollicis longus m? |
|
Definition
| Abduct pollex (digit I) and extend carpus |
|
|
Term
| What innervates the caudal and medial muscles of the forearm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the origin of the medial and caudal muscles of the forearm? |
|
Definition
| medial epicondyle of the humerus |
|
|
Term
| What is the action of the medial and caudal muscles of the forearm? |
|
Definition
| flex the carpus and digits |
|
|
Term
| What are the medial and caudal muscles of the forearm? |
|
Definition
-flexor carpi radialis m
-flexor carpi ulnaris m
-superficial digital flexor m
-deep digital flexor m
-pronator teres m
-pronator quadratus m |
|
|
Term
| What is the insertion of the flexor carpi ulnaris? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the insertion of the superficial digital flexor? |
|
Definition
| palmar surface of the base of the middle phalanges |
|
|
Term
| What are the three heads of the deep digital flexor m? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the insertion of the deep digital flexor m? |
|
Definition
| palmar surface of the base of the distal phalanges |
|
|
Term
| What is the action of the pronator teres m? |
|
Definition
| rotate the arm medially, flex the elbow |
|
|
Term
| What is the action of the pronator quadratus m? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the origin of the 4 interossei? |
|
Definition
| base of the metacarpal bones, and carpal joint capsule |
|
|
Term
| What is the insertion of the interossei? |
|
Definition
| base of the proximal phalanx |
|
|
Term
| What innervates the interossei m? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the action of the interossei? |
|
Definition
| flexor of metacarpophalangel joint |
|
|
Term
| Why is elbow luxation uncommon in the dog? |
|
Definition
| The anconeal process projects into the olecrenon fossa |
|
|
Term
| What artery of the thoracic limb arises from the subclavian a? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the major branches of the axillary a? |
|
Definition
-Subscapular (thoracodorsal to the latissimus dorsi
-Caudal circumflex humeral a wraps around humerus)
-Cranial circumflex humeral a (wraps humerus) |
|
|
Term
| What are the major branches of the brachial a? |
|
Definition
-Collateral ulnar (runs around olecrenon to medial surface of elbow)
-Superficial brachial (runs cranially toward brachium)
-Transverse cubital (runs to elbow joint)
-Common interosseus (dives between radius and ulna) |
|
|
Term
| What is the major branch of the median a? |
|
Definition
| Radial (comes off cranially to paw) |
|
|
Term
| What are the lymph nodes of the thoracic limb and their locations? |
|
Definition
-Superficial cervical ln (under omo)
-Axillary ln (armpit) |
|
|
Term
| What nerves innervate the thoracic wall muscles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What direction do the external intercostal muscles run? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What direction do the fibers of the internal intercostal muscles run? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the dorsal arteries of the thorax? |
|
Definition
-Aorta
-costocervical trunk |
|
|
Term
| What are the ventral arteries of the thorax? |
|
Definition
| internal thoracic a (which gives rise to the intercostal aa) |
|
|
Term
| What is the dorsal vein of the thorax into which the intercostal arteries drain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the ventral vein of the thorax into which the intercostal arteries drain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the lymph node located at the bifurcation of the brochi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are the lymph nodes located near the transversus thoracic? |
|
Definition
| Sternal and intercostal lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 openings of the diaphragm? |
|
Definition
| Aortic hiatus, esophageal hiatus, and the foramen vena cava |
|
|
Term
| What penetrates the diaphragm via the aortic hiatus? |
|
Definition
| Aorta, azygos v, and the thoracic duct |
|
|
Term
| What penetrates the diaphragm via the esophageal hiatus? |
|
Definition
| Esophagus and its vessels, and the vagal nerve trunk |
|
|
Term
| What penetrates the diaphragm via the foramen vena cava? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What connects the costal pleura to the underlying muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where would you do a thoracocentesis? |
|
Definition
| -In the costodiaphragmatic recess, between the 6-8 intercostal spaces |
|
|
Term
| Where is the cardiac notch? What side of the heart would you be puncturing? |
|
Definition
-Between the cranial and middle lobes of the right lung, at the 4-5 intercostal spaces
-Right ventricle |
|
|
Term
| What is the term for the area on the lung where the root enters? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What side of the heart is the auricular surface? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What separates the heart ventricles on the left side? |
|
Definition
| Paraconal interventricular groove |
|
|
Term
| What side of the heart is the atrial surface? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what separates the ventricles on the right side of the heart? |
|
Definition
| subsinuosal interventricular groove |
|
|
Term
| Which muscles are involved in inspiration, and in which direction do the fibers run? |
|
Definition
fibers run caudoventrally!
-Diaphragm
-External intercostal m
-Serratus dorsalis cranialis
-scalenus
-rectus thoracis |
|
|
Term
| Which muscles are involved in expiration, and in which direction do the muscle fibers run? |
|
Definition
Fibers run cranioventrally!
-Abdominal muscles
-internal intercostal m
-serratus dorsalis caudalis
-rectus thoracis |
|
|
Term
| What are the levels of the pericardium, from outer to inner? |
|
Definition
-fibrous pericardium
-serous parietal layer
-serous visceral layer |
|
|
Term
| What is the ligamentum arteriosum? |
|
Definition
| connects pulmonary trunk and aorta |
|
|
Term
| Where is the fossa ovale (foramen ovale) found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the valve of the foramen ovale found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the precursor for the ligamentum arteriosum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the disease when the ductus arteriosus doesn't close after week 1? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the valves of the heart? |
|
Definition
-Left and right atrioventricular valves
-aortic valve
-pulmonary valve |
|
|
Term
| In which part of the heart are the pectinate mm? What do they look like? |
|
Definition
| Auricles; branches on the tree, very stringy along the surface |
|
|
Term
| In which part of the heart are the papillary muscles? What do they look like? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which part of the heart are the cordae tendinae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the cordae tendinae do? |
|
Definition
| Connects papillary muscles to the cusps of the valves |
|
|
Term
| In which part of the heart are the trabeculae carneae? What do they look like? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which part of the heart is the crista terminalis? What does it do? |
|
Definition
| Auricles; give rise to the pectinate muscles |
|
|
Term
| What extends from the septal wall to the parietal wall of the ventricles? |
|
Definition
| Trabecula septomarginalis (moderator band) |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of the trabecula septomarginalis? |
|
Definition
| ensure ventricles are in synch |
|
|
Term
| What are the branches of the ascending aorta? |
|
Definition
| left and right coronary arteries |
|
|
Term
| What are the two major branches off the aortic arch? |
|
Definition
-brachiocephalic trunk
-left subclavian |
|
|
Term
| What are the major branches off the brachiocephalic trunk? |
|
Definition
-Left common carotid
-Right common carotid
-Right subclavian |
|
|
Term
| What is it called when the right and left common carotid aa leave the brachiocephalic trunk together? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the branches off the right/left subclavian a? |
|
Definition
-vertebral a
-costocervical trunk (deep cervical a, deep scapular a)
-internal thoracic a
-superficial cervical a |
|
|
