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Cancer Immunology
8.29 at 9:30 by Dr. Hagensee
36
Immunology
Professional
08/29/2011

Additional Immunology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Over 50% of human cancers have a mutation in the gene for ______.
Definition
p53
Term
What genetic defect causes Li Fraumeni syndrome?
Definition
one mutated copy of p53 (leads to multiple cancers at a young age)
Term
T/F Virus can immediately cause cancer (within days).
Definition
false takes years
Term
What's a "flower cell" characteristic of?
Definition
ATL
Term
100% of patients with ATL are seropositive for what virus?
Definition
HTLV-1, only 1-4% of infected individuals develop cancer
occurs 20-30 years after infection
Term
What is Kaposi's sarcoma?
Definition
multicentric neoplasm consisting of multiple vascular nodules in skin, mucous membranes, and viscera rare cancer found in elderly mediterranean males but also associated with HIV and human herpes virus 8
Term
EBV is associated with what cancers?
Definition
Burkitt's lymphoma (96% of Africans and 30% of Americans), Nasopharyngeal cancer (100%), Hodgkin's disease (50%), Immunoblastic lymphomas (100%), lymphoproliferative disorder (100%), Gastric carcinoma (10%)
Term
Nasopharyngeal cancer is common in what populations?
Definition
common in southern china and certain native Americans
Term
What populations have high rates of HOdgkin's disease?
Definition
3rd world, hispanic men, and HIV+
Term
How is Hodgkin's disease linked to EBV?
Definition
you find EBV DNA in Reed-Sternberg cell
Term
What diseases/situations are associated with immunoblastic lymphomas?
Definition
immunosuppression of T cells, HIV, bone marrow transplant, renal transplant
Term
Lymphoproliferative disorder occurs commonly after...
Definition
transplant (2% renal/liver, 5% cardiac, 1% bone marrow)
Term
HEP B increases your risk of liver cancer by...
Definition
100% (but takes over 30 years to develope cancer) find DNA in 85% of cases
Term
Polyomavirus is associated with what cancer?
Definition
merkel's cell carcinoma
Term
HPV is associated with what class of cancers?
Definition
anogenital malignancies
Term
What oncogenes are associated with HPV infection?
Definition
E6 (binds and degrades p53) and E7 (binds Rb, a tumor suppressor gene)
Term
HIV is associated with what infection/cancer pairs?
Definition
lymphoma/EBV, Kaposi's sarcoma/HHV-8, anogenital malignancies/HPV, leimyomas and leimyosarcomas in children/EBV
Term
T/F Both cancer and viruses can down regulate the HLA expression.
Definition
true
Term
T/F Overexpression of a normal protein by tumor cell can be recognized by MHC I by T cells as abnormal.
Definition
true
Term
Because tumors don't cause inflammation, ____ is given to pts with bladder cancer to cause tumor cell recognition.
Definition
BCG
Term
What percent of human cancers down-regulate MHC class I?
Definition
33-50%
Term
Increased MIC protein expression is seen on what types of cancers?
Definition
some epithelial tumors
Term
How do tumors stimulate anergy?
Definition
lack of co-stimulation (dendritic cells lack B7)
some tumors secrete cytokines that inhibit the immune response
Term
What's the name of the hep B vaccine?
Definition
recombinivax-HB or energerix-B, recombinant yeast HepB surface antigen
Term
Gardasil contains which HPV strains? Cerverix?
Definition
Gardasil- 16, 18, 6, 11
Cerverix- 16, 18
Term
How do you vaccinate against HPV?
Definition
DNA vaccine with E6 ad E7 genes (for women <25) or heat shock proteins with E6 and E7 proteins (men or women with genital warts), or peptides of E6 and E7 proteins
Term
How do you vaccinate against Melanoma?
Definition
peptides from MAGE3 antigen
Term
How do you increase co-stimulation to fight cancer?
Definition
anti-CTLA4 so CD28 can bind to B7
Term
What is anti-HER2/neu protein?
Definition
Trastuzumab, to treat breast cancer
Term
What is anti-CD52?
Definition
Alemtuzumab to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Term
What is anti-EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor)?
Definition
cetruximab for colorectal and head and neck cancer
OR panitumumab for colorectal cancer
Term
What is anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)?
Definition
Bevacizumab
Term
What is anti-CD 33?
Definition
gemtuzumab for acute myelogenous leukemia
Term
What are three different types of anti-CD20 used to treat non-hodgkin's lymphoma?
Definition
ibritumomab, tositumomab, rituximab
Term
What are immunotoxins?
Definition
when an Ab is complexed with a toxin in order to degrade tumor cell DNA after endocytosis or to irradiate the tumor cell
Term
What are LAKs?
Definition
leukocyte activated killers
made when you take leukocytes from a cancer patient, activate them to go after the tumor, then infuse them back into the patient with IL-2
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