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Definition
| process of removing piece of tissue for microscopic examination that is the only way in which a definitive diagnosis can be made. |
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Definition
| uses a sort of fiber-optic tube that is long enough to visualize the entire length of the colon. |
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Definition
| measures how much prostate-specific antigen is present in the bloodstream-prostate cancer indicator. |
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Definition
| a person with cancer obtains a negative test result |
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Definition
| detection of cancers that not otherwise be hazardous. |
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Term
| computed tomography scan (CT scan) |
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Definition
| technique used to detect cancer that uses an X-ray scanner moving around the body taking multiple pictures that are assembled in a series of detailed cross-sectional images. |
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Definition
| uses high-frequency sound waves and their echoes to produce a picture of internal body structures. |
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Definition
| a cancer of epithelial region that is still in its preinvasive stage |
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Definition
| cancer of same type are assigned different numerical grades based on the extent of the cellular and tissue disruptions seen with a microscope. |
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Definition
| uses high-energy X-rays or other ionizing radiation to kill cancer cells. |
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Definition
| minimizes cell damage of normal tissues by using a radiation source that can be inserted directly within or close to a tumor-radioactive pellets. |
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Definition
| use of drugs that kill cancer cells to interfere with the ability of cancer cells to proliferate |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical derivatives of molecules of drugs that can substitute for the natural molecule |
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Definition
| double ring compounds in DNA-adenine and quanine. |
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Definition
| anticancer drug.DNA-crosslinking agents that contain platinum. |
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Definition
| for cancers that are in hormone-dependent tissues. |
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Definition
| receptor proteins located in prostate epithelial cells that bind incoming androgens and transmit the signal that stimulates cell division. |
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Definition
| molecule that exhibits some similarities to estrogen in chemical structure. |
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Definition
| steroid family produced by the adrenal cortex. can inhibit lymphocyte proliferation. |
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Term
| multidrug resistance transport protein |
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Definition
| plasma membrane proteins that actively pump drugs out of the cells. |
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Definition
| use multiple drugs that differ in their mechanisms of action in order to take care of different aspects of a cancer. |
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Term
| stem cell transplantation |
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Definition
| bone marrow transplantation replenishes a person's hematopoietic stem cells. |
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Definition
| expoloit the ability of the immune system to recognize cancer cells |
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Definition
| proteins produced by the body to stimulate immune responses against infectious agents |
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Definition
| class of immune cells that produce antibodies. |
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Definition
| bind to surface cells exhibiting foreign antigens and Kill the targeted cells by causing them to burst. |
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Term
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Definition
| take up antigens, chop them into pieces and present the resulting fragment on their cell surface in a way that activates an immune response. |
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Definition
| drugs designed to target proteins that are critical to the cancerous state |
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Definition
| produced byt the ERBB2 gene. cell surface growth factor receptor often found amplified in breast and ovarian cnacers. |
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Definition
| small molecule that binds to and inhibits the abnormal tyrosine kinase produced by the BCR-ABL oncogene present in chronic myelogenous leukemias. |
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Definition
| inhibition of angiogenesis as a treatment for cancer |
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Definition
| process of replacing defective genes with normal versions |
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Term
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Definition
| drug undergoes animal testing to demonstrate that the treatment is safe and effective. |
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Definition
| indicates a patients understanding the conditions of voluntary consent for participation in clinical trials. |
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Definition
| neither doctor nor patients know who is receiving treatment and who is receiving a placebo. |
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Definition
| any beneficial effect on a patient's condition that may be caused by a person's expectations concerning a drug rather than by the drug itself. |
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Definition
| used along with standard medical care |
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Term
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Definition
| natural substance from apricot pits that apparently was the cure for cancer. |
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