Term
| What do we call cancer of the bone? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do we call cancer of the bone MARROW? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the steps in metastasis? |
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Definition
- Local invasion
- Intravasation
- Arrest/Extravasation to cap beds
- Proliferation
- Angiogenesis |
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Term
| Regarding staging tumors what are TNM? |
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Definition
-- T -- size/proliferation
-- N -- local lymphnode involvement
-- M -- Remote metastasis |
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Term
| What are 6 most common cancers in men? |
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Definition
1. Prostate
2. Lung
3. Colon
4. Bladder
5. Melanoma
6. NHL |
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Term
| What are 6 most common cancers in women? |
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Definition
1. Breast
2. Lung
3. Colon
4. Uterine
5. NHL > Thyroid
6. Melanoma > ovarian |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of benign neoplasm? |
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Definition
1. SINGLETS
2. Rounded
3. Encapsulated
4. Slow growth
5. Necrosis slight/absent
6. Readily removed
7. Non-toxic
8. No metastasis
9. Grow by EXPANSION (no infiltration/implantation)
10. No recurrence after removal
11. Seldom cause death |
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Term
| What are the common characteristics of malignant neoplasm? |
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Definition
1. MULTIPLY
2. Irregular shape
3. Not encapsulated
4. Rapid growth
5. NECROTIC
6. Difficult to remove
7. TOXIC to patient
8 Metastasis oft occurring
9. Infiltrate/implant
10. Recurring after removal
11. Causes DEATH |
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Term
| What type of tissues are affected by ADENOCARCINOMA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the term adjuvant mean? |
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Definition
| Assisting in PREVENTION, AMELIORATION, CURE. EG chemo given after a tumor is removed to prevent poss reoccurance. |
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Term
| What does the term NEOadjuvant mean? |
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Definition
| Chemo given PRIOR to surgery in an attempt to shrink the tumor to reduce extent. |
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Term
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Definition
| the use of natural OR lab made substances to PREVENT cancer. |
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Term
| What does the term GROWTH FRACTION mean? |
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Definition
| A larger proportion of the targeted cells are undergoing cell division. |
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Term
| What does the term TUMOR BURDEN mean? |
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Definition
| The total mass of tumor tissue carried by an individual with cancer/# cancerous cells |
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Term
| What are the six stages of cell cycle (G0, G1, s, G2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis)? |
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Definition
G0 - non dividing cell
G1- Cell GROWTH
S - DNA replication
G2 - protein synthesis
Mitosis (1-3 hrs)chromosomes duplicate
Cytokinesis (cell division) |
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Term
| What is the importance of Full-dose On-schedule chemotherapy? |
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Definition
| GOALS of chemo are to eradicate cancer by hitting cells at different phases in the cell cycle, prevent drug resistant cancers (more likely with single agent tx); Patients are treated on evidence-based multi-agent protocols. Reducing dose intensity or frequency results increases risk for treatment failure. |
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Term
| The effectiveness of chemotherapy changes even with small changes in D--- or S-------. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some of the most common side effects of chemotherapy? |
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Definition
1. Nausea/Vomiting/Diarrhea
2. FATIGUE
3. Infection (Bone Marrow Suppression)
4. Integumentary/Mucosal-lesions
5. Pulmonary effects (irrev. tissue damage)
6. Reproductive effects > Temporary--> Perm. sterility--EDUCATION
7. Skin rash |
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Term
| What are biological response modifiers and what do they do? |
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Definition
Effect the HOST-TUMOR response to
1. DIRECT ANTITUMOR effects
2. Restore/boost host immune defense
3. Interfere w/ cancer cell ability to metastasize/differentiate |
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Term
| What are some s/sx of biologic response modifiers? |
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Definition
- Flu like (fever/chills/myalgia/malaise/anorexia)
- Cap Leak Syndrome (tachycardia/orthostatic hypotension secondary to CLS)
- Skin rashes |
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Term
| When should Colony Stimulating Factors (erythropoiesis-stimulating agents) be used |
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Definition
Encourage BONE MARROW stem cells to divide. Should be used to reduce risk of infection/blood transfusion
E-poeitin--SHOULD ONLY when treating anemia r/t chemo bc of risk of thromboembolytic events. |
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Term
| Does radiation therapy affect non cancerous cells? |
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Definition
| YES but not as much bc they have the ability to heal and regenerate. |
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Term
| What types of cells are most vulnerable to radiation? |
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Definition
| Rapidly proliferating cells (GI tract, oral mucosa and bone marrow) |
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Term
| What types or cancers are susceptable to radiation? |
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Definition
| Testicular, ovarian, HL/NHL, Wilms Tumor, Nueroblastoma |
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Term
| What are the complications and treatment for Tumor Lysis Syndrome? |
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Definition
-- Due to chemo destruction of tumor cells (hyper-Kalemia/phosphatemia/uricemia, Hypo-calcemia-->Acute Renal Failure
--Early S/Sx: Weakness, Cramps, D/N/V
--RECOGNIZE early s/sx and initiate preventative care HEMODIALYSIS |
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Term
| What are the complications and treatments for Superior Vena Cava Syndrome? |
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Definition
Blocked SVC --> facial/periorbital edema, distention of head and neck veins, chest veins, headache, seizure
--> TREAT the underlying obstruction |
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Term
| What are the complications and treatments for SIADH? |
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Definition
- Weight gain, w edema, weakness, anorexia, N/V, Personality changes, seizures, oliguria (low output of urine), decreased reflexes and Coma)
-- Treat underlying malignancy, water restriction in severe cases IV infusion sodium chloride |
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Term
| What does ANC measure? What is nomral? What is neutropenic? |
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Definition
| The number of neutrophils and band cells based on a WBC count, 1500 cells/microL is normal, 500 cells/ microL is neutropenic. |
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Term
| What resource can you use to find screening recommendations? |
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Definition
| the American Cancer Society Website |
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