List the biological levels in order:

Cells, Organs, Atoms, Organelles, Molecules, Organism, Tissues, Organ System

Atoms

Molecules

Organelles

Cells

Tissues

Organs

Organ System

Organism

List the Extended Biological Levels in Order:

Biomes, Community, Ecosystem, Biosphere, Population

Population

Community

Ecosystem

Biomes

Biosphere

Population

Localized group of organism belonging to the same species

Community

Populations of species living in the same area

Ecosystem

Energy processing system of commiunity interactions that include abiotic environmental factors (soil, water)

Biomes

Large scales communitites classified by predominant vegetation and distinctive combinations of plants and animals

Biosphere

Sum of eath's ecosystems

Holism

Principle that higher level of order cannot be explained by examining component alone

Reductionism

PRinciple that a complex system can be understood by studying the component parts

Who coined the term "cell"?

Robert Hooke

WHo used a microscope to observe blood, sperm, and living cells founed in pond water & reported discovery of protozoa & bacteria?

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Who created the cell theory?

Schleiden and Schwann

What is the cell theory?

1. Cells are the universal building blocks of all living tissues

2. All living cells are formed by the division of existing cells

Common features of all cells

Enclosed in membranes & cells use DNA as genetic information

Characterisitics of a Prokaryotic Cell

Domains: Bacteria & Archaea

No membrane bound nucleus

No membrane bound organelles

Least complex

Smaller than eukaryotic cells

Characteristics of a Eukaryotic Cell

Kingdoms: Protista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia

Domain: Eukarya

Membrane bound nucleus

Membrane bound organelles

most complex

larger than prokaryotic cells

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Long macromolecule

Main component of chromosomes

Material that transfers geneic characteristics

Constructed of two nucleotide strands

Nucleotide

group of molecules, when linked form building blocks of DNA/RNA

composed of phosphate group, bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine, and a pentose sugar

Gene

linear sequence of nucleotides along a segment of DNA that provides the coded instructions for synthesis of RNA

Genome

Full set of chromosomes

All the inheritable traits of an organism

Negative Feedback

Output or product slows the process

Positive Feedback

Output or product accelertes the process

Taxonomy

The branch of biology concerned with the naming and classification of organism

Systematics

Study of biodiversity in an evolutionary context

Archaebacteria (Ancient)

OFten found inhabiting extreme environments such as hot springs and salt ponds and anaerobic conditions

Eubacteria

Most prokaryotes fall in this group

Differ from archaebacteria in many key structural, biochemical, and phsiological characteristics

What are the three domains?

Bacteria

Archaea

Eukarya

Characteristics of a Scientific Name

In genus and species designations

Italicized or underlined

Inductive Reasoning

Making an inference from a set of specific observations to reach a general conclusion

Deductive Reasoning

Making an inference from general premises to specific results we should expect if the premises are true; "if...then" logic

Control Group

Provides the experimental group with a basis for comparison

Cancels the effects of all variables except for the factors that the experiment is designed to test

Experimental Group

In a controlled experiment, the group in which one factor or treatment is varied

Variable

Condition of the experiment that is subject to change and that may influence the outcome of the experiment