Term
|
Definition
macule
tumor
wheal
patch
papule
vesicle
plaque
bulla
nodule
pustule
cyst
telangiectasia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
patch
flat distinct colored area of skin
no change in skin thickness or texture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal growth of body tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
elevation of the skin surface, may burn or itch
"welt" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"pimple"
rounded raised bump |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a small pouch like a blister
-can occur on buccal mucosa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| raised area on the skin, that is broader than it is high |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fluid filled blister with thin walls
greater then 5 mm in diameter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
small, solid collection of tissue
-can be in dermis, epidermis or subQ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
small collection of pus in the top layer of skin
often in hair follicles or sweat glands
"a pus filled pimple" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
closed sac- like structure containing fluid, gas or semi-solid material
variable in their shape, size and location on the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| permanent dilation of preexisting small blood vessels, creating focal red lesions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-scratched/bothered primary lesion, and turns to this
crust
fissure
scale
ulcr
lichenification
keloid
erosion
scar
atrophy
excoriation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drying of plasma or exudate on the skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| linear cleavage of skin which extends into the dermis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thin piece of the outermost layer of skin can be due to a vareity of skin conditions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sore on the skin or a mucous membrane, accompanied by the disintegration of tissue, the formation of pus, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thickening of the epidermis seen with exaggeration of normal skin lines. It is usually due to chronic rubbing or scratching of an area. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"scars that don't know when to stop"
rises above the skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| traumatized or abraded skin caused by scratching or rubbing |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 common eczematous eruptions? |
|
Definition
1. Dermatitis
2. Dyshidrosis
3. Lichen simplex chronicus |
|
|
Term
| What is an annular shaped lesion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an iris shaped lesion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a 'zosteriform' arranged lesion |
|
Definition
resembles herpes zoster
-follows a dermatome |
|
|
Term
| What does a lesion look like that has reticular arrangement? serpiginous? |
|
Definition
-net-like
-wander as if following the track of a snake |
|
|
Term
| What does a lesion look like that has a morbilliform arrangement? |
|
Definition
-measle like
-small and red macules that may be confluent in places
-seen in measles and some drug reactions |
|
|
Term
| What does a lesion look like that has a stellate shape? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are papulosquamous diseases? 4 to know from AAPA? |
|
Definition
a condition presenting with both papules and scales.
-drug eruptions
-lichen planus
-pityriasis rosea
-psoriasis |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical findings of eczema? |
|
Definition
erythema
papules
scaling
excoriations
crusting and lichenification
keratosis pilaris (red bumps due to keratinized plugs in hair follicles)
ichthyosis vulgaris
Dennie Morgan sign (extra intraorbital fold)
pityriasis alba |
|
|
Term
| What diseases does eczema encompass? |
|
Definition
atopic dermatitis
nummular eczema
dyshidrotic eczema
asteototic eczema
lichen simplex chronicus |
|
|
Term
| What is ichthyosis vulgaris? |
|
Definition
triad of:
atopic dermatitis
ichthyosis (keratin defect that leads to tile like scaling)
keratosis pilaris |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-eczema symptom
hypopigmented patches secondary to inflammation from atopic dermatitis
-treating the rash leads to repigmentation of skin |
|
|
Term
| Where is eczema generally located? |
|
Definition
-extensor surfaces ininfants
-flexural surfaces in adults and children over 2
-antecubital fossa |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for all eczema type diseases? |
|
Definition
Avoid scratching
Avoid allergic triggers
Hydration with topical emollients
Topical steroids
H1 antihistamines
Tars
Alpha-hydroxy acids (Retin-A)
Phototherapy
Tacrolimus, Pimecrolimus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-in dyshidrotic eczema
small tapioca blisters on palms or lateral borders of fingers |
|
|
Term
| In general, when seen in older patients, what can nummular eczema be secondary to? |
|
Definition
underlying tinea infection called dermatophytid reaction
-treat eczema with a topical steroid as well as the underlying fungal infection |
|
|
Term
| What is asteatotic eczema? |
|
Definition
"cracked porcelain"
-excessively dry skin
-typically seen in older patients |
|
|
Term
| Which dermatitis has well-demarcated patches of erythema and edema? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the weakest steroid, and how can you make it stronger? |
|
Definition
-hydrocortizone
-occlusion (with cotton gloves or plastic wrap) |
|
|
Term
| what are the three irritants leading to contact dermatitis mentioned in bequillard's ppt? |
|
Definition
-formaldehyde in nail polishes
-nickel (earrings, belt buckles, watches..)
-poison ivy, oak and sumac (vesicles are usually in linear fashion) |
|
|
Term
| What type of dermatitis is caused by chronic venous insufficiency? |
|
Definition
stasis dermatitis
-brought on by edema due to the venous insufficiency
-pregnancy is an exacerbating factor |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 peak age groups where psoriasis presents? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Auspitz sign? |
|
Definition
-tests for psoriasis plaques
-white scale that when scratched off causes punctate bleeding |
|
|
Term
| What area is affected by psoriasis? not affected? how can it lead to the appearance of sausages? |
|
Definition
-extensor surfaces; elbows, knees, sacral area, scalp, nails
-central portion of the face
-development of psoriatic arthritis (3-4%) |
|
|
Term
| What should you always check during a skin exam that may have psoriasis? |
|
Definition
| nails- during psoriasis may have onycholysis (separation of the nail plate from the nail bed) |
|
|
Term
| What are desquamation pathologies of the skin, and what are the 3 given on the AAPA site? |
|
Definition
-skin peeling, shedding of the outermost layer
-erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis
(progressions of each other) |
|
|
Term
| What is erythema multiforme? |
|
Definition
-common rxn pattern of blood vessels in the dermis with secondary epidermal changes
-target or iris lesions
-most cases related to herpes simplex virus |
|
|
Term
| What is bullous pemphigoid? |
|
Definition
Bullous autoimmune disease characterized by pruritic papular and/or urticarial lesions with large tense bullae
-most common in elderly
-evolves over wks to months |
|
|
Term
| What are acneiform lesions and what are the 2 to know per the AAPA? |
|
Definition
consist of comedones, papulopustules, cysts, or nodules that resemble acne vulgaris
-acne vulgaris
-acne rosacea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
superficial infection of the pilosebaceous unit
clinical findings:
-follicular based pustule, frequently grouped |
|
|
Term
| What is the etiology of folliculitis? |
|
Definition
face/legs- staph aureus (secondary to shaving)
trunk- pseudomonas aeruginosa (hot tub)
back- candida albicans (in febrile, hospitalized pts) |
|
|
Term
| What gives folliculitis rash a greenish tent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What dermatits is a differntial dx to acne vulgaris? |
|
Definition
perioral dermatitis
-treated with tetracycline, erythromyocin and PDY (photodynamic therapy) |
|
|
Term
| What can people who work with their hands in water put on their fingers to avoid paronychia and keep their nail beds dry? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 neoplasms to know by AAPA standards? |
|
Definition
Basal cell Carcinoma
Kaposi sarcoma
Melanoma
Squamous cell carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cancer in humans? |
|
Definition
BCC (Basal Cell Carcinoma)
-slow growing, so no tendency to metastasize
-treatment by surgical excision
-causes are by UVR inducing mutation on suppressor genes |
|
|
Term
| What is Kaposi Sarcoma (KS)? |
|
Definition
multifocal systemic tumor of endothelial cell origin
-pathogenesis linked to herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8)
-begins as an ecchymotic-like macule->patches->papules->plaques->nodules->tumors (red, pink, violaceous to purple-brown with a greenish halo as they age)
-linked to lymphatics (in HIV patients mainly), urogenital tract, lungs (HIV again), GI tract and others. |
|
|
Term
| What is SCC (Squamous Cell Carcinoma)? |
|
Definition
-a malignant tumor of keratinocytes arising in the epidermis
-varies in aggressiveness
-plaque or nodule with varying degrees keratinization inside and/or on the surface |
|
|
Term
| What is the rule of thumb when diagnosing differentiation of SCC ? |
|
Definition
undifferentiated- soft with no hyperkeratosis
differentiated- hard on palpation with hyperkeratosis |
|
|
Term
| What are the causes of SCC? |
|
Definition
-slowly evolving
-UVR
-HPV
-immunosuppression (associated with HIV and HPV)
-Chronic inflammation (LE, chronic ulcers, burn scars, lichen planus
-Industrial carcinogens
-Inorganic arsenic |
|
|
Term
| What disorders can occur of the hair and nails by AAPA standards? |
|
Definition
-alopecia
-onychomycosis
-paronychia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-mechanical or chemical damage to the cuticle of the nail
-marked by inflammation, fungal infection and separation of nail plate from proximal fold |
|
|
Term
| What should you make sure you rule out before diagnosing rosacea? |
|
Definition
-systemis lupus erythematous (LE)
-dermatomyositis
-seborrheic dermatitis
-perioral dermatitis
-polymorphic light eruption
-carcinoid syndrome (has facial flushing and heating)
-drugs |
|
|
Term
| What are some viral diseases? |
|
Definition
condyloma acuminatum (genital warts)
exanthems
herpes simplex
molluscum contagiosum
varicella-zoster virus infections
verrucae |
|
|
Term
| What are the bacterial infections to know? |
|
Definition
cellulitis
erysipelas
impetigo |
|
|
Term
| What are fungal infections of the skin to know? |
|
Definition
candidiasis
dermatophyte infections |
|
|
Term
| What is Koebner's sign? What diseases is it seen in? |
|
Definition
psoriasis plaques forming on lesions
-prsoriasis
-Stevens-Johnson syndrome |
|
|
Term
| In androgenic alopecia, what are terminal hairs replaced by in the presence of androgen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the TX of androgenic alopecia? |
|
Definition
minoxidil (topical)
Propecia (oral)
These are lifetime medications and not everyone responds in the same way if t all |
|
|
Term
| How does androgenic alopecia occur in women? |
|
Definition
-central scalp, and more likely to include entire scalp
-not as complete as in male
-usually begins at menopause
-drop in estrogen and increase in androgen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-"bald spots"
-family hx
-no inflammation or tenderness
-exclamation point hairs
-NEED TO RULE OUT TINEA CAP WITH A KOH TEST |
|
|
Term
| What is alopecia totalis? universalis? |
|
Definition
-hair loss on scalp and face
-hair loss throughout entire body |
|
|
Term
| What is the ophiasis pattern? |
|
Definition
| when hair loss is on the temporal and occipital regions |
|
|
Term
| What is the median age for superfical spreading melanoma? |
|
Definition
-37 yrs
-slightly higher in females
-evlves over 1-5 yrs |
|
|
Term
| What is the median age for nodular melanoma? |
|
Definition
50 yrs
-evolves over 6-18 mos |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"Hutchinson's nevus"
-flat, macular, intraepidermal neoplasm
-median age is 65
-can be mistaken for liver spots |
|
|
Term
| Lentigo maligna can lead to lentigo maligna melanoma, what is significant about this? |
|
Definition
-55 of all melanomas
-predominantly on head and neck
-may take up to 20 yrs to evolve |
|
|
Term
| What if lentiginous melanoma is acral? |
|
Definition
-on hands and feet
-2-8% of all melanoms
-principal melanoma in blacks (look under their nails)
-80% survival rate in subungal types
-50% in volar type |
|
|
Term
| What labs should you tae with vitiligo? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What blood disorder can cause hair loss? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some definitive factors of the 3 stages of melanoma? |
|
Definition
I- localized disease with no clinically palpable nodes (survival rate then based on thickness)
II- palpable regional lymph nodes
III- presence of distinct metastasis (survival rate is 6 mos) |
|
|
Term
| What are the thicknesses of melanoma and their subsequent five year survival rates? |
|
Definition
0.85mm- 99%
0.85mm-1.69- 94%
1.70mm-3.64- 78%
3.65mm - 42% |
|
|
Term
| When is melanoma metastasis local? regional? distant? |
|
Definition
-within 5 cm of primary site
- >5cm from primary site
-skin, subQ, distant lymph nodes, lungs, liver, brain, bone, small intestine |
|
|
Term
| What are the predisposing factors of SCC? |
|
Definition
-HPV
-ImmunosuppressiOn
-PUVA
-scars
-chronic ulcers
-LE
-industrial carcinogens
-arsenic (gold miners, well diggers) |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of SCC when in it is still in situ and has not spread? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is dermatosis papulosis nigra and what famous actor has it? |
|
Definition
-hyperkeratotic, pedunculated papules on the cheeks bilaterally
-Morgan Freeman |
|
|
Term
| What is erythema nodosum? |
|
Definition
-painful, tender nodules on lower legs
-fever
-malaise
-inflammatory/ immunologic response to a number of etiologies |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the etiologies causing the immunologic response in erythema nodulosum? |
|
Definition
strep
drugs (sulfa, OCP)
sarcoidosis
ulcerative colitis
Bechets |
|
|
Term
| What are the primary, secondary and tertiary findings in syphilis? |
|
Definition
primary-chancre
secondary-condyloma lata (diffuse rash affecting palms and soles)
tertiary- gummas, neurosyphilis, Argyll-Robertson pupils, tabes dorsalis |
|
|
