* manufacture and store essential substances including vital essence, qi, blood, and body fluid. 

*can be filled up, but not overfilled.

*store pure essential qi without draining it off

* Organs = Heart, Lung, Spleen, Liver, Kidney, Pericardium

*Receive and digest food and transmit and excrete the wastes.

*can be oversupplied, but cannot be filled up

*transmits water and food without storing them.

*Fu Organs = GB, ST, SI,LI, UB, TB

*Dominates the blood and vessels

*Manifests on the face

*Houses the mind

*Opens into the tongue

Heart qi xu = thready and weak pulse

*When heart function is NORMAL, tongue is rosy, moist, lustrous, and seense of taste will be normal and tongue will move freely

*When heart function is PATHOLOGICAL,

Blood xu = pale tongue,

Flaring of Heart fire = Redness of tongue tip and ulceration of body

Stagnation of heart blood -

*and emotional activity - mental depression, paranoia, weeping; when hyperactive, irrascibility, insomnia, dream-disturbed sleep, dizziness, and vertigo

*and digestion - (affects the ascending and descending functio of ST and SP) -dyspepsia, or stagnation such as distending pain of chest and hypochondrium, mental depression, and irascibility

*when liver qi affects stomach, belching, nausea, vomiting

*if affects spleen, abdominal distension and diarrhea (disharmony b/w liver and spleen)

weakness of tendons, numbness of the limbs, dysfunction of the joints in contraction and relaxation

*Weak tendons, soft and thin nails that are withered, deformed, or chipped

poor appetite, abdominal distension, loose stools, lassitude, emaciation, and malnutrition.

*if spleen qi fails to transform dampness, spleen's tole in water metabolism will have dysfunction = edema, diarrhea, phlegm, and retained fluids.

*If spleen qi fails to ascend, vertigo, blurred vision, prolapse of rectum after prolonged diarrhea, and prolapse of other internal organs.

poor appetite, impaired sense of taste and a sticky, sweetish sensation in the mouth due to retention of pathogenic damp in spleen.

Healthy spleen = red and lustrous lips

Spleen qi xu = pale and sallow lips.

Lung (the canopy of the zang-fu)

Functions

Dispersing function of lung distributes wei qi to the whole body to moisten and warm the muscles, skin, and hair. 

EPF's invade lung via skin and hair giving rise to aversion to cold, fever, nasal obstruction, and cough.

If lung qi xu, skin can become wan and sallow, leading to xu of anthpathogenic qi and suseptibility to catching a cold.  When lung qi fails to protect the suface, spontaneous sweats.

Perversion of lung qi descending may result in cough and SOB. 

IN water passages, dysuria, oliguria, and edema

Runny nose, anosmia.

Pathogenic heat in lungs, SOB and vibration of ala nasi

Pathogenic lung affecting throat = horse voice and aphonia

When essential qi of kidneys is xu, tinnitus and deafness.

Function of micturation relates to the bladder, however relies on kidney activity of the kidney.

Decline of Kidney qi = rise in frequency of micturation, enuresis, oliguria, and anuria, seminal emission, impotence, premature ejaculation, infertility in reproduction, prolonged diarrhea, with prolapse of recturm or constipation.

Upward perversion of GB qi: bitter taste in mouth, vomitting of bitter fluid, and failure to aid ST and SP in digestion leading to abdominal distention and loose stools

*Restrained flow of qi = fear, palpitations, insomnia and dream disturbed sleep

Governs various forms of qi and serves as the passage for the flow of yuan qi and body fluid.  Upper = dominates dispersion and distribution. Middle = dominates digestion

Lower = dominates separation of clear from turbid

Heart dominates blood, lung dominates qil  Blood is the mother of qi, qi is the commander of blood

*Both heart and lung are situated in upper jiao. During the development of febrile diseases, pahtogenic factors in lung may not be transferred to middle jiao by normal pathway, but invade the heart directly (AKA, invasion of pericardium by pathogenic factors through contrary pathways

*due to weakness of the Lung qi will lead to weakness and stagnation of bood circulation, resulting in stuffiness in the chest, SOB, palpitations, and purple lips and tongue

Heart dominates blood, spleen controls blood.  SPleen functino of t&t depends on propelling force of the yang qi of heart and kidney.

*Formation and flourishing of heart blood relies on the function of the spleen in t&t essential food and water.

*heart blood xu leads to liver blood xu resulting in palpitations, insomnia, dream disturbed sleep, pale complexion, accompanied by dizziness, blurred/impaired vision, oligomenorrhea, or delayed menstruation.

*Hyperactivity of liver yang = disturbing heart = headache, redness of the eyes, and irritability accompanied by menatl restlessness, insomnia, and dream disturbed sleep.

Heart dominates fire and is located in upper body and belongs to yang.  Kidney dominates water, situated in lower body and belongs to yin.

*Heart and kidney relate to balance of yin and yang, ascending and descending.

* Under normal conditions, Heart yang descends with Kidney yang to warm Kidney yin and Kidney water

* Kidney yin ascends with heart yin to moisten heart yang and to prevent it from becoming hyperactive

*Mutural communcation and restriction of Heart and Kidney = harmony of heart and kidney.

*Heart dominates blood and kidney stores essence.  Essence and blood promote each other.  Mutual causality between consumptino fo kidney essence and deficiency of heart blood

*Heart houses the mind, kidney essence productes marrow (brain).

*Kidney yin xu fails to ascend and nourish heart leading to hyperactivity of heart yang, aching back, seminal emissions with mental restlessness, palpitations, insomnia, and dream-disturbed sleep.

*Kidney yang xu failing to evaporate fluids which depress heart yang leading to edema, chills, cold limbs with palpitations, SOB, stuffy chest, indicating retained water afflicting heart.

*Kidney essence or heart blood xu may lead to disturbance of consciousness such as insomnia, poor memory and dream disturbed sleep

*Relationship of qi and body fluid

*Spleen dominates t&t and is source of acquired blood

*Strength of lung qi relies on continuous supply of auired essence of water and food

*Condition of lung qi depends greatly on tonifying action of spleen qi

*Functino of spleen T&T water fluid relies on coordination of dispersing and descending function of the Lung

*weak spleen qi leads to lung qi xu resulting in poor appetite, abdominal distension, emaciation with feeble cough, lassitude and dislike of speaking

*Dysfunctino of lung dispersing and descending may lead to accumulation of body fluid, and stasis of dampness in spleen resulting in cough with much expectoration and stuffiness in the chest, abdominal distention, borborygmus, and edema

relationship of ascending and descending qi.  Lung qi normally descends, Liver qi normally ascends. 

*If liver qi is depressed, it may transform into fire and rise consuming the fluid of the lung - hypochondriac pain, irritability cough, and hemoptysis (invasion of lung by liver fire)

*Dysfunction of Lung descending may lead to pathogenic dryness consuming liver and kidney yin, leading to hyperactivity of liver, cough, referred pain in the chest and hypochondriac region, dizziness, headache, redness in face and eyes.

Movement of water and qi:  water metabolism closely related to Lung and Kidney.

*Kidney yin is root of yin fluid of the whole body

*Dysfunction of lung descending or kidney evaporating may lead to cough, SOB, difficulty lying flat and edema.

*when kid qi xu fails to receive lung qu the lung will remain floating above.  Prolonged Lung qi xu leads to dysfunction of kidneys reception of qi, leading to SHORTNESS OF BREATH worse AFTER MOVEMENT

*Kid yin xu fails to nourish lung yin leading to deficiency of yin - malar flush, afternoon fever, night sweat, dry cough, horse voice, and weakness and soreness of lumbar region and knees.

Digestion of water and food and circulation of blood.

*Spleen dominates t&t, liver maintains free flow of qi

*liver stores blood, spleen controls blood

*Pathologically, stagnation of liver qi may affect spleens t&t resulting in hypochondriac pain, mental depression and irriatbility, poor appetite, abdominal fullness, and distension, irregular bowel movments and lassitude (known as stagnation of liver qi leading to deficiency of spleen)

*Weak spleen qi - fails to control blood which leads to a deficiency of the source of blood - liver blood xu = poor appetite, emaciation, blurred vision, oligomenorrhea, or amenorrhea.

Relatinoship of congenital and acquired qi.

*Spleen = acquired foundation ofqi

*Kidney = congenital foundatino of qi

Congenital promotes the acquired, aquired nourishes the congenital

*Kidney yang xu - fails to warm spleen yang.  Spleen yang xu leads to preponderance of yin and cold in the interior which may impair kidney yang with symptoms of abdominal fullness, borborygmus, loose stools, soreness and pain of low back and knees, aversion to cold and cold limbs (known as deficiency of spleen and kidney)

Relationship of blood and essence

* Liver stores blood, Kidney stores essence

*Liver blood relies on nourishment by kidney essence and kidney essence relies on supply of liver blood.

*Essence and blood produce and supply each other

*Kidney essence xu deprives Liver of nourishment.  Deficiency of yin of both liver and kidney = soreness and weakness of lumbar region and back, seminal emission, tinnitus, dizziness, vertigo, and dryness of the eyes.

*Hyperactivity of liver yang = headache, redness of the eyes and irritability.  Prolonged leads to consumption of kidney yin leading to sorenss and pain of lumbar region, seminal emission, tinnitus.

Excess heart fire may transmit pathogenic heat to small intestine resulting in oliguria, deep yellow urine, and burning urine

-heat in small intestine may ascend to heart leading to symptoms of mental restlessness, and ulceration of tongue, etc.

*Clinically, differentation of syndromes of liver and GB cannot be completely separated, manifestationos of both appear simultaneously.

Liver/GB fire - pain in chest/hypochondrium, bitter taste in mouth, dryness in throat, and irritability

*Damp heat in Liver/GB - jaundice and bitter taste in mouth - extravasation of bile and hypochondriac pain and menatl depression (indicates liver qi stasis)

Spleen dominates t&t (absorption and distribution of nutrients)

Stomach dominates reception (digestion)

*Dysfunction of stomach reception leads to poor appetite, unpleasant and hungry sensation in stomach

*DYsfunctino of Spleen t&t - leads to abdominal distension and loose stools

*Spleen dominates ascending (if descends, diarrhea and prolapse of the recturm)

*Stomach dominates descending (if ascends, nausea, vomiting, hiccups)

*Spleen is yin, likes dryness, dislikes dampness- when pathogenic dampness invades spleen, t&t is injured and leads to productino of dampness.

*Stomach yin xu may sir up deficiency heat in the interior

*Damp spleen inability to ascend clear and may affect stomach receiving and descending manifesting in poor appetite, nausea, vomiting, fullness, and distention of the epigastrium

*Dysfunction of stomach descending fx causes retention of food, affecting spleen in t&t, ascending the clear, leading to abdominal distension and diarrhea.

When lung qi descends, function of LI bowel movements are free.

*If LI is obstructed by stasis, it may prevent lung qi from descnding (Cough and fullness in chest)

*Function of UB relies on condition of kidney qi which assists bladder in metabolizing fluids

*Kidney qi xu - irregular opening and closing of the bladder, dysuria, incontinence, enuresis, and frequency of micturation.