• Non-Eudicot Dicot

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• Order within Magnoliids
• Non-Eudicot Dicot

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Family?

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• Calycanthaceae
• Family in Order Laurales, Magnoliids
• Non-Eudicot Dicot
• Shrubs
• Aromatic due to terpenoids produced
• Leaves Opposite, Simple, and Entire
• Radial Symmetry, many tepals, many stamens, many pistils, inferior ovary.
• Fruits: Aggregate of achenes in a concave receptacle. Not a hypanthium

What are we looking at?

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Calycanthaceae has a concave receptacle, where its aggregate of achenes occur.

* , - ∞ - , ∞ ,  ∞

Family?

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• Lauraceae, Laurel Family
• Found in Order Laurales, Magnoliids
• Non-Eudicot Dicot
• CA Native: Umbellularia californica(California Bay)
• Trees/Shrubs
• Leaves alternate, simple, spiral
• Terpenoids (aromatic oils) present
• Radial Symmetry
• 3+3 tepals, 3-12 stamens, 1 pistil, inferior ovary
• Stamens: Filaments w/ paired glands, anthers with 2-4 flaps.

What are we looking at?

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• TOP: Family Lauraceae inflorescence. 
• Lauraceae has one carpel w/ one ovule.
• Bottom: Lauraceae has berry or drupe type fruits.
• Lauraceae Floral Formula: * , -3+3- , 3-12 , 1 

Genus?

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• Calycanthus
• Family Calycanthaceae, Order Laurales, Class Magnoliids.
• Non-Eudicot Dicot.
• * , - ∞ - , ∞ ,  ∞ 

Genus?

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• Umbellularia
• Family Lauraceae, Order Laurales, Class Magnoliids
• Non-Eudicot Dicot
• *, -3+3- , 9+3 , 1 (inf)

• Order within Magnoliids
• Non-Eudicot Dicot

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Family?

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Aristolochiaceae, Pipevine or Birthwort family

• Family in Order Piperales, Class Magnoliids
• Non-Eudicot Dicot
• Tropical/Subtropical
• Woody vines, or perennial herbs/shrubs
• Alternate/Simple leaves, often cordate (heart-shape)
• Terpenoids (etherial oils)
• Fly-pollinated
• Bilaterally or radially symmetrical.
• 3 connate sepals form a tube.
• NO petals
• 6-12 stamens adnate with 3-6 (connate) pistils.
• Superior ovary & capsule fruit.

Genus?

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• Genus Aristolochia
• No petals, sepals connate into tube.
• The six stamens are fused to the style of the compound pistil.
• Inferior ovary.
• Fly-pollinated.
• Bilateral perianth symmetry.

Genus?

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• Asarum
• Family Aristolochiaceae, Order Piperales,Magnoliids.
• Non-Eudicot Dicot.
• No petals, 3 sepals
• 12 free stamens that are free from the style.
• Half inferior ovary.

What are we looking at?

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• Genus Asarum
• Family Aristolochiaceae, Order Piperales, Magnoliids
• Non-Eudicot Dicot

• Order in Eudicots
• Early-diverging Eudicot

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Family?

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• Papaveraceae, the "Poppy Family"
• Order Ranunculales, Early-diverging Eudicots
• Temperate climate
• Mostly herbs
• Leaves basal and/or alternate
• Leaves often toothed, lobed, or dissected
• Twice as many petals as sepals (count sepals on the flower buds.
• Capsule fruit.

Genus?/Species?

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• Eschscholzia (californica)
• Family Papaveraceae, order Ranunculales, Early-diverging Eudicots.
•  Basal leaves, highly dissected
• 2 sepals, 4 petals
• 1 pistil, 10+ stamens
• Cup-shaped receptacle. 

Genus/Species?

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• Dicentra(uniflora)
• Family Papaveraceae, Order Ranunculales, Early-diverging Eudicots
• Basal, dissected leaves.
• Biradial symmetry.
• 2 sepals, 4 petals.
• 6 stamens + 1 compound pistil derived from 2 carpels.

Family?

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• Family Ranunculaceae 
• Order Ranunculales, Early-Diverging Eudicots
• All Ranunculaceae are either herbs or vines
• All Ranunculaceae have:
• Flowers with free perianth parts
• Many stamens
• More than one pistil
• None have hypanthia.
• Leaves simple, often lobed or compound
• Fruit: Aggregate

Genus?

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• Genus Clematis , Virgin's bower
• Family Ranunculaceae, Order Ranunculales, Early-diverging Eudicots.
• Woody vines with opposite, 1-2X pinnately compound leaves. 
• Corolla absent (no petals)
• Long, feathery styles. 
• Dr. Seuss Fruit

Genus?

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• Aquilegia, Columbine
• Family Ranunculaceae, Order Rununculales, Early-diverging Eudicots
• Basal, trifoliolate leaves.
• Pendant flowers (hang upside down).
• Sepals and petals both showy.
• Each petal bears a nectar spur & nectary.

Genus?

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• Delphinium , Larkspur
• Family Ranunculaceae, Order Ranunculales, Early-Diverging Eudicots.
• Alternate,Simple lobed leaves with palmate venation.
• Bilateral symmetry.
• Upper sepal shaped like a spur where nectaries from 2 upermost petals secrete nectar.
• The petals are stuck inside the spur.

Genus?

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• Genus Ranunculus 
• Family Ranunculaceae, Order Ranunculales, Early-Diverging Eudicot.
• Each petal bears a nectary at the base.
• Alternate, leaves w/ palmate venation.
• Corolla = green or white or yellow
• Radial symmetry.

Proteales

• Order within the Early-Diverging Eudicots

Family/Genus?

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Family Platanaceae

• Plane Tree or Sycamore Tree
• Genus = Platanus
• Order Proteales, Early-Diverging Eudicot
• Temperate climate.
• Trees with distinctly pale, irregularly colored, peeling bark.
• Monoecious trees with wind pollination.
• Leaves alternate/simple, palmately lobed & veined.
• Petiole enclosing bud.
• Flowers in unisexual globose heads
• Fruits an aggregate of achenes.

Saxifragales

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• Order within the Superrosid group of the Core Dicots

Family?

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• Family Crassulaceae, Stone Crop family
• Found in Order Saxifrigales of the Superrosid group of the Core Eudicots.
• Leaf succulents of seasonally dry regions of the world.
• CAM photosynthesis.
• Succulent herbs or small shrubs
• Leaves are whorled, simple, and succulent with no stipules.

Genus?

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• Genus Dudleya, 
• Family Crassulaceae, Order Saxifragales of the Superrosids in the Core Eudicots
• Leaves arranged in a succulent basal rosette with the inflorescence emerging from a lower leaf axil (out the side, not the middle).

Family/Genus?

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• Family Grossulariaceae, and genus Ribes
• Order Saxifrigales of the Superrosids in the Core Eudicots
• Found in northern hemisphere & temperate S. America
• Shrubs may or may not be armed with nodal spines.
• Leaves simple, alternate, clustered on short lateral branches, and palmate.
• * , 4-5 , 4-5 , 4-5 , 2 , berry
• All whorls are adnate.
• Well-developed hypanthium, superior ovary.

Family?

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• Family Saxifrigaceae
• Found in Order Saxifrigales of the superrosids group of Core Eudicots.
• Found in temperate regions
• Herbs or shrubs utilizing underground stems (rhizome or caudex)
• Leaves alternate/basal, palmate
• Inflorescence often scapose
• Hypanthium present
• Fruit is either a capsule or a follicle.

• Order in the Superrosids of the Core Eudicots

Family?

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• Family Vitaceae, of order Vitales, of group Superrosids in the Core Eudicots.
• The GRAPES!
• Tropical/subtropical. 
• Lianas: Climbing woody vines
• Palmately veined leaves.
• Tendrils opposite leaves (modified inflorescences.
• Small flowers
• Inflorescences appear to arise opposite leaves.

Genus?

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• Vitis,grapes.
• Family Vitaceae, Order Vitales, in the superrosids of the Core Eudicots.
• Climbing woody vines (lianas) that possess tendrils as well as palmately veined leaves.
• Flowers can be unisexual or bisexual.

Family?

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• Family Droseraceae, Subfamily Polygonineae, Order Caryophyllales.
• Superasterids of Core Eudicots.
• Insectivorous plants grow in low-nitrogen areas.
• Sticky glandular hairs catch insects & secrete digestive enzymes.

Genus?

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• Eriogonum, 
• Family Polygonaceae, SO Polygonineae, Caryopyllales
• Superasterids, Core Eudicots
• Flowers grouped together in involucres (whorl of bracts subtending leaves)
• Flowers small.
• Leaves Alternate, Simple
• * , -5-6- , 6-9 , 2-3 , ach
• Fruit 3-cornered, enclosed by perianth
• Inferior ovary, pistils connate.

Family?

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• Polygonaceae
• SO Polygonineae, Order Caryophyllales
• Superasterids, Core Eudicots
• Per. herbs, some shrubs, vines
• Nodes often swollen
• Leaves alt., simple, stipules sometimes connate into sheathing ocrea
• Infl. often with involucres of bracts
• Flowers small
• * , -5-6- , 6-9 , 2-3 , ach
• Fruit 3-cornered & enclosed by perianth.

Feature?

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Involocre: A whorl of bracts subtending the flowers.

Feature?

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Fruit Type?

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• Achene: 1-seeded, indehiscent, dry fruit.

Family?

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• Cactaceae
• SO Caryophyllineae, Order Caryophyllales
• Superasterids in Core Eudicots
• Cacti, Stem succulents
• Leaves reduced to protective spines
• Fruit = Berry
• Hypanthium and Ovary sunken into Receptacle
• Many tepals, stamens, pistils

Fruit Type?

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• Berry: fleshy, multi-seeded fruit derived from a compound ovary lacking a stony endocarp

What is a Hypanthium?

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• Hypanthium: fused bases of perianth and stamens forming a floral cup or tube

Family?

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• Aizoaceae
• SO Caryophillinae, Order Caryophyllales
• Superasterids of Core Eudicots
• Stem succulents such as true iceplant.
• Simple succulent leaves.
• Flowers solitary or in small cymes.

Fruit Type?

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Capsule: Dehiscent, dry fruit, with many seeds, from a compound pistil.

Inflorescence Type?

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• Determinate Inflorescence: Inflorescence where the apical meristem tip matures into a flower, allowing no further growth. So every flower below the terminal flower is younger.
• The prototypical determinate inflorescence is the Cyme: Determinate Inflorescence w/ one terminal flower subtended by 1-2 lateral branches, each terminated in a flower. Branching may repeat.

Genus?

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• Carpobrotus
• Family Aizoaceae, SO Caryophyllineae, Order Caryophyllales
• Superasterids in Core Eudicots
• Simple, succulent leaves

• SO Caryophylliniae, Caryophyllales
• Superasterids of Core Eudicots.
• Herbs
•  leaves and stems succulent
• Simple Leaves
• Betalains present
• * , 2 (-9) 
• Stamens opposite "petals"
• "Sepals" often interpreted as bracts, "petals" as "sepals."
• Inferior ovary, connate.

Genus?

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• Claytonia
• Montiaceae, Caryophyllineae, Caryophyllales
• Superasterids, Core Eudicots

Family?

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• Montiaceae
• SO Caryophyllineae, Caryophyllales
• Superasterids, Core Eudicots

Family?

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• Montiaceae
• Caryophyllineae, Caryophyllales
• Superasterids, Core Eudicots

• Red and yellow pigments that replace anthocyanins in Caryollales

• Amaranthaceae
• SO Caryophyllineae, Caryophyllales
• Superasterids, Core Eudicots
• Betalains present
• Leaves simple, no petals
• Flowers small, in dense cymose inflorescences
• Flowers subtended by scarious bracts
• Sepals generally scarious
• *  ,  3-5 , 0 , 5  ,  2-3   

• Thin, dry, not green

Family?

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• Amaranthaceae
• Caryophyllineae, Caryophyllales
• Superasterids, Core Eudicots

Family?

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• Amaranthaceae
• SO Caryophyllineae, Caryophyllales
• Superasterids, Core Eudicots

• SO Caryophyllineae, Caryophyllales
• Superasterids, Core Eudicots
• NO PETALS
• Herbs, shrubs, stems succulent/jointed
• Many Halophytes
• Betalains present
• Surfaces scaly/powdery, due to glandular hairs that collapse with age
• Leaves alternate simple
• Flowers small, greenish, in axils or in dense cymose inflorescences
• Sepals fleshy, leaf-like
• Fruit utricle

Genus?

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• Salicornia
• Chenopodiaceae, SO Caryophyllineae, Caryophyllales
• Superasterids, Core Eudicots

Family?

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• Chenopodiaceae
• SO Caryophyllineae, Caryophyllales
• Superasterids, Core Eudicots

Family?

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• Chenopodiaceae
• SO Caryophyllineae, Caryophyllales
• Superasterids, Core Eudicots

• Thin-walled, loose-fitting achene.

• Order Myrtales
• Eurosids II, Superrosids, Core Eudicots
• Herbs, shrubs, trees
• Leaves simple
• * or X , 4 , 4 , 4 or 8 , 4 
• Hypanthium well-developed, often prolonged beyond ovary
• Pollen interconnected with viscin threads
• Stigma capitate or 4-lobed
• Sepals often adherent in 2s or 4s
• Petals often clawed/lobed.

• Viscin: The sticky substance that holds together pollen.

Family?

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• Family Onagraceae
• Order Myrtales
• Eurosids II, Superrosids, Core Eudicots

Family?

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• Onagraceae
• Order Myrtales
• Eurosids II, Superrosids, Core Eudicots

Genus?

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• Clarkia
• Onagraceae, Myrtales
• Eurosids II, Superrosids, Core Eudicots

• Malvales
• Eurosids II, Superrosids, Core Eudicots
• Stellate hairs
• Leaves alternate simple and often palmately lobed/veined
• Valvate sepals: sepals touch but don't overlap in bud.

Family?

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• Malvaceae
• Malvales,
• Eurosids II, Superrosids, Core Eudicots

Family?

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• Malvaceae
• Malvales

• Eurosids II, Superrosids, Core Eudicots

Family?

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• Malvaceae
• Malvales,
• Eurosids II, Superrosids, Core Eudicots

Family?

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• Malvaceae
• Malvales,
• Eurosids II, Superrosids, Core Eudicots

Family?

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• Malvaceae
• Malvales,
• Eurosids II, Superrosids, Core Eudicots

Genus?

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• Fremontodendron
• Malvaceae, Malvales
• Eurosids II, Superrosids, Core Eudicots

• Schizocarp: A Fruit that breaks apart

Fruit type?

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• Nut – indehiscent, dry fruit with a hard pericarp

Fruit Type?

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• Follicle – dehiscent, dry fruit derived from a simple pistil, dehiscent only along one side

Define Monadelphous Stamens

• Monadelphous Stamens: Stamens united by their filaments to form one group.

Family Brassicaceae

• Order Brassicales
• Eurosids II,Superrosids, Core Eudicots
• Leaves alternate
• * , 4 , 4 , 2+4 , 2 ,
• Fruits either silique or silicle
• stamens tetradynamous: 6 stamens, 4 of which are longer than the others

Define Silique/Silicle

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• Silique: capsule formed from two carpels with a (false) septum forming a partition that divides the fruit into two valves.
• Silicle: A silique that is less than 2X as long as wide.

Family?

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• Family Brassicaceae
• Order Brassicales
• Eurosids II,Superrosids, Core Eudicots

Genus?

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• Capsella
• Family Brassicaceae, Order Brassicales
• Eurosids II, Superrosids, Core Eudicots
• Heart-shaped leaves

Family?

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• Family Brassicaceae
• Order Brassicales
• Eurosids II,Superrosids, Core Eudicots

Family?

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• Brassicaceae
• Order Brassicales
• Eurosids II,Superrosids, Core Eudicots

Family?

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• Brassicaceae
• Order Brassicales
• Eurosids II,Superrosids, Core Eudicots

• Order Brassicales
• Eurosids II, Superrosids, Core Eudicots
• Annual Herbs
• Leaves alternate, pinnately lobed or compound
• Fruit = nutlets
• * , flowers 5-merous, twice as many stamens as petals.
• Inferior ovary.
• Ovary deeply lobed, almost appearing as multiple pistils.

• Merous: Having a specified number.
• i.e. Limnanthesflowers are 5-merous

Family?

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• Limnanthaceae
• Order Brassicales
• Eurosids II, Superrosids, Core Eudicots

Genus?

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• Limnanthes
• Family Limnanthaceae,Order Brassicales
• Eurosids II, Superrosids, Core Eudicots

Genus?

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• Aesculus
• Family Sapindaceae, Order Sapindales
• Eurosids II, Superrosids, Core Eudicots
• Opposite, palmately compound leaves
• Bilateral flowers clustered in large showy inflorescences
• Capsule fruit.
• Only one carpel and one seed generally mature

Family?

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• Family Sapindaceae
• Order Sapindales
• Eurosids II, Superrosids, Core Eudicots

Genus?

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• Acer
• Family Sapindaceae, Order Sapindales
• Eurosids II, Superrosids, Core Eudicots
• Trees, shrubs
• Leaves opposite, usu. simple 
• Palmately veined.
• Fruit:schizocarp of winged achenes (samaroid schizocarp, pair of samaras
• Wind pollination

Family?

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• Sapindaceae
• Order Sapindales
• Eurosids II, Superrosids, Core Eudicots

Family Sapindaceae

• Trees, shrubs, lianas
• Flowers sometimes unisexual
• Fruit: capsule, berry, schizocarp

• Order Geraniales
• Eurosids II, Superrosids, Core Eudicots
• Herbs/Shrubs w/ glandular hairs
• Opposite leaves, usually dissected/compound
• Inflorescence Cymose, often Umbel-like
• Fruits are Schizocarps
• 5 petals, 5 sepals, inferior ovary

Genus?

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• Geranium
• Family Geraniaceae,Order Geraniales
• Eurosids II, Superrosids, Core Eudicots
• Palmate venation/lobing in leaves
• Fruit segments roll up central axis.

Family?

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• Geraniaceae
• Order Geraniales
• Eurosids II, Superrosids, Core Eudicots

Genus?

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• Erodium
• Family Geraniaceae, Order Geraniales
• Eurosids II, Superrosids, Core Eudicots
• Pinnate leaf Venation/Lobing.
• Fruit segment has long point that twists itself into the ground.

Family?

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• Geraniaceae
• Order Geraniales,
• Eurosids II, Superrosids, Core Eudicots

Genus?

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• Raphanus
• Family Brassicaceae, Order Brassicales
• Eurosids, Superrosids, Core Eudicots
• Pinnately lobed with large terminal lobe.
• Showy large petals arranged in large panicles of racemes.
• Flower color can be purple or yellow or white.
• Well-developed claw/limb on flower.

Family?

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• Brassicaceae
• Order Brassicales
• Eurosids, Superrosids, Core Eudicots

Family?

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• Chenopodiaceae
• Order Caryophyllales,  SO Caryophillineae
• Superasterids, Core Eudicots

Family?

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• Chenopodiaceae
• Caryophyllales, Caryophillineae
• Superasterids, Core Eudicots

Genus?

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• Cerastium 
• Family Caryophyllaceae, SO Caryophyllineae, Order Caryophyllales
• Superasterids, Core Eudicots
• Genus is hairy all around the stem.

Genus?

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• Silene
• Family Caryophyllaceae, SO Caryophyllineae, Order Caryophyllales
• Superasterids, Core Eudicots
• Ribbed Calyx tubes are key. Sepals connate into tube.
• Claw/blade petals

Genus?

Hint: Hair grows on only one side of stem.

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• Stellaria
• Family Caryophyllaceae, SO Caryophyllineae, Order Caryophyllales
• Superasterids, Core Eudicots
• Hairs only go down one side of stem. 
• 5 petals so deeply notched it often looks like 10

• Suborder Carryophyllineae, Order Caryophyllales
• Superasterids, Core Eudicots
• Leaves opposite, nodes often swollen
• Inflorescence a cyme
• Petals often divided into claw and limb or blade (often lobed)sometimes with an appendage where they are joined
• Anthocyanins present

Genus?

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• Toxicodendron
• Poison Oak. Family Anacardiaceae, order Sapindales,
• Eurosids II, Superrosids, Core Eudicots
• leaflets of 3, can be reddish/greenish/glossy.
• Leaves pinnately trifoliolate.
• Flowers are in axilary inflorescences.

Genus?

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• Rhus
• Family Anacardiaceae, Order Sapindales
• Eurosids II, Core Eudicots
• Shrubs with alternate leaves.
• May look like poison oak w/ palmately trifoliolate leaves. Middle leaflet looks different, however (wedge-shaped base).
• Red fruits and terminal inflorescences

Genus?

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• Rhus
• Family Anacardiaceae, Order Sapindales
• Eurosids II, Core Eudicots
• Shrubs with alternate leaves.
• Simple, Evergreen leaves.

• Order Sapindales
• Eurosids II, Core Eudicots
• Trees, shrubs, some vines
• Resin canals in bark
• Leaves alternate, usually pinnately compound or trifoliolate.
• Nectary disc between stamens and pistil.
• 5 petals, 5 sepals
• Flowers usually unisexual, plants often dioecious.

• Raceme: Stereotypical indeterminate inflorescence
• Spike: Sessile Raceme.
• Panicle: Double Raceme

• Elongated, dense inflorescence.

Aggregate vs Multiple Fruit

Aggregate – group of fruits derived from more than one pistil in the same flower

Multiple – group of fruits derived from more than one flower

Oxalidales, Eurosids I, Superrosids, Core Eudicots

Accumulate (calcium) oxalate

Leaves alternate, compound

5 free styles with heterostyly.

Malphigiales, Eurosids I, Superrosids, Core Eudicots

Lowest petal spurred

Filaments short

Lowest 2 anthers with nectary glands extending into spur

Family Hypericaceae

Malphigiales, Eurosids I, Superrosids, Core Eudicots

Leaves simple, entire, opposite

Malphigiales, Eurosids I, Superrosids, Core Eudicots

Leaves alternate, simple, usually toothed

Flowers in catkins, usually wind-pollinated

Perianth modified into cup (Populus) or nectary (Salix)

Rosales, Eurosids I, Superrosids, Core Eudicots

Petals often clawed, concave

Fabales, Eurosids I, Superrosids, Core Eudicots

Legumes

Legume Fruit

Nitrogen fixation with rhizobium

Often has alkaloids (chem defense)

Fabaceae Subfams

Dicots paraphyletic: Monocots nested within them.

Monocots: Monophyletic.

Eudicots: Monophyletic (Tricolpate pollen).