Term
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Definition
Fatty Streak
Fibrous plaque
Complicated lesion
collateral circulation |
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Term
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Definition
Non-Modifiable - age, gender, ethnicity, family hx, genetics
Modifiable - elevated serum lipids (#1 when high), HTN (wear and tear on the bv causes damage and allows things to clump and occlude), smoking, sedentary, obesity >102 cm (men) >88 cm (women) BMI >30 Serum Lipids TC >200...TG >150...LDL >160...HDL <40 for men and <50 for women |
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Term
Contributing Modifiable
Risk Factors for CAD |
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Definition
DM- FBS >100
Metabolic Syndrome
Psychological State
Homocysteine
Substance Abuse
Three or more of these rsk factors meet the definition of Metabolic Syndrome |
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Term
Gerentologic Considerations
CAD |
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Definition
Leading cause of death in the elderly
complex interactions btwn risk factors
need for lifestyle changes |
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Term
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Definition
Diabetics will have less chest pain (neuropathies), BUT they will have other symptoms.
P- precipitating events (argument, rest, activity)
Q- quality of pain (pressure, aching, dull)
R - radiation of pain (where is the pain? does it radiate? back, neck, arms ,jaw?)
S - severity of pain (0-10 scale)
T - timing (when did pain begin? has the pain changed since it began? have you had pain like this before?) |
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Term
Precipitating Factors to Angina |
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Definition
| physical exertion, temp extremes, strong emotions, consumption of a heavy meal, smoking, sexual activity, stimulants, circadian rhythm patterns. |
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Term
Chronic Stable Angina
continued |
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Definition
silent ischemia
nocturnal angina and angina decubitus - when changing positions
Prinzmetal's angina - at rest
Microvascular angina |
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Term
Diagnostic Studies for Angina |
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Definition
Stress test - stress the heart to see if you can induce chest pain...if you fail the stress test it means you had angina and they take you to the cardiac cath lab
Cardiac cath - most definitive because you can see the perfusion. |
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Term
Nursing and Collaborative Management
for CAD |
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Definition
Health Promotion - Prevention first: ID and manage high risk people
Physical activity - get some exercise
Nutritional Therapy - reduce fat, salt, red meat
Cholesterol lowering drug therapy - meds that prevent lipoprotein production, drugs that increase lipoprotein removal, meds that decrease cholesterol absorption.
Antiplatelet Therapy
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Term
Collaborative care for
Chronic stable angina |
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Definition
short acting nitrates - sublingual nitroglycerin
long lasting nitrates - nitro ointment and transdermal controlled-release nitrates
beta adrenergic blockers
calcium channel blockers
ace inhibitors
sodium current inhibitors
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Term
Acute Coronary Syndrone
Gender differences |
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Definition
Men: white middle aged, higher in males <65, MI is the first manifestation of CAD, develop more collateral circulation
Women: First MI at older age, risk quadruples after menopause, fewer present with angina, fatigue, SOB, anxiety, indigestion, fatal cardiac event - 1 year, more disability, CABG - higher mortality / complications |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs only at night but not necessarily when the patient is sleeping or in the recombent position. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chest pain that occurs only while the patient is lying down and is usually relieved by sitting or standing. |
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Term
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Definition
Variant angina often occurs at rest, usually in response
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