Term
|
Definition
• 18th- 19th Centuries
o Transition from manual labor and draft animal based economies to machine-based manufacturing (“mechanism”)
o Mechanization of the British textile industry in the late 18th century |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Political, social, economic, and cultural domination of a territory and its people by a foreign power for an extended period of time
o No longer interested in the Humans but the resources
o England, France, Spain, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Portugal
European Colonialism in Africa:
Reasons for the Scramble:
1. Search for raw materials and markets
E.g., buy raw cotton & sell cotton fabrics
2. Potential source of mineral wealth
3. Beat out competition
4. Future markets
5. National prestige |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| • Policy of extending the rule of a country or empire over foreign nations and of taking and holding foreign colony |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Machine gun that makes Colonialism so much easier for the Europeans
o 1893 – 50 Europeans with Cecil Rhodes killed 3000 Ndebele people in 90 minutes with 6 guns |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Granting private companies access to land in exchange for % of the profit (typically 50%)
1. To get effective occupation
2. To get a chunk of the money paid back to royalties and taxes
o Goodyear tires
o Rubber plantations
o Niger Company
o Carl Peters – Imperial German East Africa C
o Cecil Rhodes – British S. African Co |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• The other alternative for resource poor colonies
o Advantages of migrant labor:
• Avoids responsibilities for workers families
• When old, workers are returned to the villages
• Laborers subject to “master & servants” laws
• Migrants more vulnerable, no support systems
• Live in compounds; more control over them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• ruled through existing authorities
• Belgians did this with Rwanda |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Become a French citizen
• Helped them keep their colonies |
|
|
Term
| King Leopold of Belgium (1835-1909) |
|
Definition
• Leader during the break up of Africa
• Association International du Congo:
o Vision – an international humanization committee for civilizing people of central Africa
o Reality – single-share holder for monopolizing rubber and ivory trades |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Unity among people of (black) African descent, worldwide
• Regardless of where they are
• Common interests a common destiny
• Establishment of an independent nation-state and the idea of “reflex influence” (Haiti)
• Responsibility to “redeem” Africa devolves upon descendants in the Diaspora
• Emigrationism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• The establishment of the American Colonization Society (ASC) – founded the money for Liberia
• Organizing and “reversing sail” of free blacks
• Part of this movement = proslavery
• First President of Liberia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Born in New Bedford, Ma to a Native American mother and an African father whose name was Cuffe (Kofi) slocum
• Learned navigation and became a ship captain and multiple owner
• In the 1810s became interested in the prospects of emigration of African Americans to Africa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Founded by British abolitionist as a refuge for London’s “Black Poor” in 1787
• Precedes the founding of Liberia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• A little America
• Settlers declared Independence 1847
• Helene Cooper article
o People living on this land prior to her family are angry because the “been-to” Africans took their land, money, and suppress the “country people” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Second wife
• Born in Jamaica came to NY and joined in 1918
• 1924-7 initiated and edited the column “our women and what they think” broader ideas about women’s citizenship than “women’s pages” from other papers
• took an important leadership role in UNIA upon Marcus Garvey’s imprisonment
• Edited the seminal philosophy and opinions of Marcus Garvey
• Continued feminist work after MGs death
• Maintained correspondence with R Nkruma and Dubois |
|
|
Term
| ACS(American colonization society) |
|
Definition
• Slave-owners in America are afraid of the revolt of free blacks so they decide to send them back to Africa
• Particularly in the American South
• Combined with black leaders and white abolitionist
• merger of totally separate ideologies and motives joining for the colonization in Africa
• movement Africans want because they feel that there they can only achieve freedom and recognized as humans
• get rid of the competition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• “Of Our Spiritual Strivings” author
• Born in Great Barrington MA
• Attended Fisk University (Nashville TN) and later Harvard University
• The souls of Black Folk author 1903
• Cofounder of NAACP (1909) served as editor of THE CRISIS
• Long and diverse career as a political activist and theorist
• Ended his life in Ghana where he died on the eve of the March on |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Europeans created a social structure that set up racism between the Hutu and the Tutsi. In 1994 Hutu president shot down and the genocide of the Tutsi’s follows. An estimated 800,000 died within less than 100 days
o Hutu
• President when the genocide occurred. Tried to “eradicate” the country of all Tutsis
o Tutsi
• Migrated to the area of Rwanda in 1600 and ruled from then till 1962 because they were favored by the Europeans for being the descendants of Ham because they were taller and paler |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| • Many people from the Caribbean travelled on this ship to Britian |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Money sent back to “the homeland”
o Nigera receives the most
o Can be 30% of some countries GDP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Tones sounded simultaneously
o Call-and-response (antiphony)
o Homophony
o Polyphony
o Repetition
o Poetic License
• Shakra used music in Nigeria to speak out against the governement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• The duration of time behind each progressive step
o Metronomic sense
o Syncopation
• Plays against the metronomic sense
o Irregular rhythm
o Interlocking rhythms
o Polyrhythm
o Staggered entry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Born in Guyana but moved to Liberia
o Pan-African activist
o How Europe Underdeveloped Africa
o Killed in a bombing in 1980 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• The domination by a powerful, western (usually), nation of another nation that is politically independent but has a weak economy greatly dependent on trade with the powerful nation
o British with colony and banana’s and then Chiquita bananas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| • The current form of classic economic liberalism which advocates minimal gov. involvement in a nations economy, free-trade, and competitive markets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
leader of nationalist movement in GHANA (Convention Peoples' Pary, CPP) and first President
Major Pan-Africanist who helped found the Organization of African Unity (OAU) and hwo dreamed of uniting Africa into the United States of Africa
educated in USA and inspired by Karl Marx, Marcus Garvey, Mahatma Gandhi; insisted on liberation for all Africa
overthrown in a coup while abroad fighting for international causes
exiled in Guinea until death in 1972 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Leader of nationalist movement in Tanganyika and first President of Tanganyika then TANZANIA
major Pan-Africanist and founder of the OAU
educated in Scottland and linked to Fabian socialism
instituted "African socialism"
took leading role in supporting African liberation movements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Leader of nationalist movement in KENYA (Kenya African National Union, KANU) and first President
studied anthropology at the London School of Economics
a Kikuyu, he was blamed by the British for complicity with the "Mau Mau" rebellion and detained for 9 years |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
First president of SENEGAL
educated at Sorbonne University in Paris
major poet and writer
strongly influenced by teh Harlem Renaissance and 'New Negro' movement
founded the Negritude movement with Aime Cesaire promoting "the whole of economic and political, intellectual and moral, artistic and social values of not only teh peoples of Africa but also the black minorities of America and indeed Asia and Oceana |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
leader of nationalist movement and first president of GUINEA
labor union activist
mayor of Conakry
elected Guineas deputy to the French Assembly in 1956, but lead Gunea out of the French Community
offered Nkrumah refuge adn named him co-president
embraced Marxism and aligned with Soviets until 1978
famous quote "We prefer poverty in liberty to riches in slavery" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
leader of nationalist movements in ANGOLA, GUINEA-BISSAU, and CAPE VERDE
studied in Lisbon where he founded the Centre for African Studies
led the liberation struggle in Guinea-Bissau
Pan-Africanist and cultural nationalist who stated "A people who free themselves from foreign domination will not be culturally free unless... they return to the upward paths of their own culture"
assassinated with complicity of Portuguese
his brother Luis Cabral became first president of Guinea- Bissau |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Leader of nationalist movement in DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO (Nouvement National Congolais, MNC) and its first Prime Minister
locally educated in mission schools
trade unionist, journalist, and author
brutally assassinated 6 months after independence
became a global symbol of hte struggle for African unity and independence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
leader of nationalist movement in MOZAMBIQUE and first president
defeated in Portuguese army with superior military skills
embraced Marxism and tried to provide social services to all Mozambicans
died in a place crash under mysterious circumstances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Leader of the Black Conciousness movement in SOUTH AFRICA
med student and student activist who was expelled after founding the Black Peoples Concention which brought 70 different black conciousness groups together
banned by the government
tortured and killed in jail |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
leader of nationalist movement in SOUTH AFRICA (African National Congress, ANC) and first African President
imprisoned by South African government for over twenty-seven years
winner of the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize with FW de Klerk
established the Truth and Reconciliation Commission to investigate those responsible for political crimes during the period of apartheid |
|
|
