Term
| Abolition (of slavery/slave trade) |
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Definition
-What? slave trade outlawed/slavery outlawed
-When? 1807/1833 (respectively)
-Where? Britain
-How? The Slave Trade Act; made the slave trade illegal throughout British Empire
-Why? abolition had economic causes – sugar plantations declining in commercial interest; free labor was cheaper than importing slaves
-So what? The increasing closure of the export trade in slaves did not end slavery.
The internal market for slaves increased.
The new expansion in producing raw products for sale in an export market often went with new ways of using slave labor. |
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Definition
-What? political ideology that that Afrikaners in South Africa were a "chosen people"
-When? late 19th century
-Where? Boer South Africa
-How? Linked to issues of land, language
& access to black servile labor; "covenant with God since Battle of Blood River"
-Why? ^^
-So What? Common roots with Nazism; led to Apartheid policies; for now basically fought Brits and Africans |
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| 1838, zulu vs. voortrekkers; voortrekkers thought they had divine right to occupy area, had much better weaponry; complete dominance (3,000 zulu killed, 3 voortrekkers wounded) |
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Term
| Benin punitive expedition |
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Definition
-What? military excursion by a British force of 1,200 under Admiral Sir Harry Rawson that captured, burned, and looted the city of Benin, bringing to an end the West African Kingdom of Benin. During the conquering and burning of the city, most of the country’s treasured art, including the Benin Bronzes, was either destroyed, looted or dispersed
-When? 1897
-Where? Benin
-How? ^^
-Why? Britain wanted to make Benin a colony, King of Benin refused, Preemptive strike found out by king, sent troops to annihilate Brits; brits return with vengeance
-So what? bronzes stolen, lost, sold to pay expenses of expedition; britain takes over |
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Term
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Definition
-What? egulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period, and coincided with Germany's sudden emergence as an imperial power
-When? 1884-85
-Where? Berlin
-How? Called for by Portugal and organized by Otto von Bismarck
-Why? Scramble for Africa was beginning, got together to talk about it; Leopold wanted Congo, decided to get powers together to make it legit
-So What? Leopold got Congo, prohibition of slave trade, Principle of Effectivity (to have a colony you need reigning chiefs sign a document agreeing to it), Africa divided among main powers of europe |
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Term
| Boer War (Anglo-Boer War) |
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Definition
-What? War between Brits and Boers of Transvaal (allied with orange free state)
-When? 1899-1902
-Where? South Africa
-Why? historical bitterness between boers and brits; gold discovered in transvaal attracted foreigners, esp. brits; conflict between new and old orders; brits order boers to accept foreigners as equals; boers give brits ultimatum: remove troops at border or face war; war declared; brits use scorched earth policy and move boer civilians to concentration camps; brits win
-So what? lead to Afrikaner nationalism; illustrates british power and influence |
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Definition
-What? period in Cape Town that was less racialized
-When? 1830's
-So What? blacks could vote, own land |
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Definition
-Who? british imperialist; 2 colonies named after him (northern and southern Rhodesia, modern-day zimbabwe)
-Founded DeBeers
-wanted to expand the British Empire because he believed that the Anglo-Saxon race was destined to greatness
-used his wealth to found the british south african company; had its own army |
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| “Christianity, Commerce & Civilization” |
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Definition
| brought by Evangelicals to Africa ?? *motto of David Livingstone* |
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| one of west africa's principle slave states; exported a lot of palm oil; very unpopular among neighbors because of their practice of selling war captives as slaves; now Benin |
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| Explorer/missionary, Gentleman, into meeting people eye-eye; missionary; explorer of central africa; one of the first Westerners to make a transcontinental journey across Africa; stirred public support against slavery |
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Definition
-Who? German military commander noted for his conduct of the Herero Wars in South-West Africa, especially for the events that led to the near-extermination of the Herero
-When? 1848-1920
-How? extremely brutal, used terror and brutality to exterminate the herero |
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Definition
-Who? one of the first British campaigners for the abolition of the slave trade;formulated the plan to settle blacks in Sierra Leone;considered one of the founding fathers of Sierra Leone
-When? 1735-1813 |
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Term
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Definition
-What? an eastward and north-eastward migration of the Boers
-When? during the 1830s and 1840s
-Where? from the Cape into what became the Orange Free State, Natal and Transvaal
-How? walking?
-Why? to avoid British rule of the Cape (its anglicization policies, policies against/controlling slavery) and to escape relentless border wars against Xhosa-speaking groups along the eastern frontier of the Cape colony
-So What? led to conflict against Zulu and Battle of Blood River |
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Definition
-Who? as a Welsh journalist and explorer famous for his exploration of Africa and his search for David Livingstone
-When? 1841-1904
-ALSO: explored Congo for Leopold, indirectly responsible for helping establish Leopold's rule; criticized for using callous violence and brutality in his expeditions |
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Term
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Definition
-What? type of European colonial policy in which the traditional local power structure, or at least part of it, is incorporated into the colonial administrative structure
-introduced to Africa by Lugard:Lugard instituted a system in northern Nigeria whereby external, military, and tax control was operated by the British, while most every other aspect of life was left to local pre-colonial aristocracies who had sided with the British during their conquest |
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-Who? Nigerian merchant prince and the founder and King of Opobo city-state
-When? 1821-1891
-What? earned his way out of slavery, helped Opobo dominate the Palm Oil trade
-At the 1884 Berlin Conference, however, the other European powers designated Opobo as British territory, and the British soon moved to claim it. When Jaja refused to cease taxing British traders, Henry Hamilton Johnston, a British vice consul, invited Jaja to negotiations in 1887. When Jaja arrived, the British arrested him and tried him in Accra in the Gold Coast then exiled him to Saint Vincent in the West Indies. |
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-What? trading center in German East Africa
Can't find anything else... maybe in city book |
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-Who? King of Belgium; founder and sole owner of the Congo Free State
-When? 1835-1909
-*ruled Congo with scandalous brutality |
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-What? Spirit medium in Maji Maji movement
-disappeared from his home; returned after a few days and said that he had been possessed by a spirit medium called Hongo, believed to take the form of a snake
-e told his followers that the ancestors had commanded Kinjikitile to lead a rebellion against European colonialists. This helped start the Maji Maji Rebellion. |
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Definition
-What? ethnic group in sierra leone descended from freed slaves
-culture is unlike that of all other ethnic groups in Sierra Leone, and it is typical of Westernized cultures and ideals
-During the colonial days in Sierra Leone, Creoles were British subjects and were protected and treated as British nationals |
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Definition
-What? get the name from the work they do – sailors, seamen, fishers; working class; new ethnic group; some become Christian, but they hold on to their values
-working class, ship yards, developed as a result of increased commerce (in sierra leone) |
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-part of what makes south africa's history distinctive
-africans lose land/reserves |
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| The process of taking away land from its customary landowners. Prominent in sub-Saharan Africa during the late 19th century due to the area’s potential in slave holdings, minerals, and agriculture. Signifcant because it was one of the mechanisms used to exploit Africans, create a workforce, and to give land to white settlers. |
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| Large trading practiced that succeeded the slave trade in Africa. In West Africa: palm oil, peanuts, etc. East & Central Africa: less at play, caravans working in ivory, slaves, time of violence. South Africa: Boer farming economy, wool, wines (slogan not at play though Evangelicals & commerce are); plantation slavery ends from 1833. |
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| a violent African resistance to colonial rule in the German colony of Tanzania, an uprising by several African indigenous communities in German East Africa against the German rule in response to a German policy designed to force African peoples to grow cotton for export, lasting from 1905 to 1907. Although the Germans won handily, it was the greatest challenge to German colonial rule in Africa. |
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| King of Shewa (present-day Ethiopia) from 1889 to his death in 1913 |
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| an African expression which means something like "the crushing" or "scattering". It describes a period of widespread chaos and disturbance in southern Africa during the period between 1815 and about 1840. The Mfecane began between the Tugela River and Pongola River (modern-day Lesotho), where Shaka created a militaristic Zulu kingdom. It happened because… |
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| a Nyamwezi warlord, from 1860 to 1884. Mirambo started out as a trader, and owned trade caravans traveling from western Tanzania to the coast, mostly dealing with ivory and slaves. A local warlord, he turned the supremacy in long-distance trading into a political, economic and military system by uniting the numerous Nyamwezi clans into a powerful kingdom in 1870 in Urambo. |
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| 1780-1876, paramount chief of what is now modern-day Lesotho. Inspired his people to defend the kingdom against any external threat to their independence and was able to resist the Zulus and the Boers. Moshoeshoe resorted to diplomacy to avert the Zulu threat, while he sought British protection to forestall the Boers from colonizing Basutoland (modern-day Lesotho). |
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| founded and ruled the Yeke Kingdom (also called the Garanganze or Garenganze kingdom) in DR Congo from about 1856 to 1891 |
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| GUARANTEED ON MIDTERM - (1793-1864) was a poet, teacher, and daughter of the founder of the Sokoto Caliphate. She remains a revered figure in northern Nigeria. Nana Asma’u is held up by some as an example of education and independence of women possible under Islam, and by others as a precursor to modern feminism in Africa. |
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| A town located in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It was one of the main slave states in the region active at the end of the 19th century. This was considered Tippu Tib’s Kingdom? |
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| the first effective treatment for malaria (that’s all I got…) |
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| He was a British consul famous for his reports and activities against human rights abuses in the Congo. He was commissioned by the British government to conduct the Casement Report (delivered in 1904). It was a long, detailed eyewitness report exposing human rights abuses in the Congo Free State. Casement's report would be instrumental in Leopold finally relinquishing his personal holdings in Africa. |
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| the founder of the Wassoulou Empire, an Islamic state that resisted French rule in West Africa from 1882 to his capture in 1898. Exploiting the rebellions of several of Samori's animist subject tribes, French continued to expand into his westernmost holdings, forcing Samori to sign several treaties ceding territory to them between 1886 and 1889. Captured in 1898, sent to Gabon. |
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| 1809 – 1891. Was a linguist and the first African Anglican bishop in Nigeria. ??? |
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| Sultan of Oman. 1797-1856. Swahili culture. New culture emerged from people in Arabic peninsula and India. |
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| 1787 – 1828. Was the most influential leader of the Zulu Empire. He is widely credited with uniting many of the Northern Nguni people. He has been called a military genius for his reforms and innovations, and condemned for the brutality of his reign. He was at the forefront of the mfecane. |
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| A country in west Africa known for its richness in minerals. |
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| 1809. an Islamic spiritual community in Nigeria. Founded during the Fulani Jihad in 1809. It was one of the most powerful empires in sub-Saharan Africa prior to European conquest and colonization. The caliphate remained extant through the colonial period and afterwards, though with reduced power. |
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| South African Republic (Transvaal) |
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Definition
| the name of an area of northern South Africa. Originally the bulk of the independent Boer South African Republic, after the Anglo-Boer War of 1899-1902 it became the Transvaal Colony, and one of the founding provinces of the Union of South Africa. It was here that events such as the Battle of Blood River took place. |
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| a sector of the Ngoni tribe, mainly young who are cut off from lineages. prominent in east-central Africa during late 1880s mfecane. They were willing join up with warlords. They were relentless pot-smoking renegades. |
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| Swahili-Zanzibari trader, notorious slaver, plantation owner and governor. Working for a succession of sultans of Zanzibar, he led many trading expeditions into east-central Africa, sometimes involving slave trade and ivory. Ruled Nyangwe? |
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| founder of the Sokoto Caliphate in Nigeria in 1809, a religious teacher, writer and Islamic reformer. wrote more than a hundred books concerning religion, government, culture and society. He developed a critique of existing African Muslim elites for what he saw as their greed, irreligiosity, violation of the standards of Sharia law, and heavy taxation. He encouraged literacy and scholarship, including for women. |
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| Voortrekker Centenary of 1938 |
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Definition
| The centennial celebration of the Voortrekker victory at the Battle of Blood River. (I remember someone saying something about a statue…) |
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| part of the East African republic of Tanzania. |
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