Term
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Definition
| The ability to do work or cause a change |
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Term
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Definition
| Energy in the form of motion |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| the position of the object above Earth's surface |
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Definition
| Graviational potential energy depends on _____________. |
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Term
| the position of the atoms within the chemical |
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Definition
| Chemical potential energy depends on ____________________. |
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Term
the position or conditions of the object
example: a compressed spring has potential energy stored in its compressed coils |
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Definition
| Mechanical potential energy depends on ______________ |
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Term
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Definition
| The transfer of energy through motion |
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Term
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Definition
| In order for work to take place, a ____ must be exerted through a ____. |
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Term
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Definition
| Formula for calculating work |
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Term
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Definition
| Energy and work are measured in _____. |
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Term
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Definition
The work done when One Newton acts through a distance of One meter
1 Newton-meter |
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Term
First Law of Thermodynamics
or
The Law of Conservation of Energy |
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Definition
| Energy cannot be created or destroyed by ordinary means, but can be transformed from one type of energy to another |
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Term
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Definition
| The TOTAL amount of kinetic and potential energy in a system |
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Term
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Definition
| Friction and Air resistance can change mechanical energy to ______ energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| The TOTAL amount of energy of the particles within a material |
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Term
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Definition
| A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter |
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Term
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Definition
| As particles within a material begin to speed up the temperature ______, and when they slow down the temperature _____. |
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Term
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Definition
| What two factors determine the amount of thermal energy in an object. |
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Term
Situation #1: object with the greater mass
Situation #2: object at the higher temperature |
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Definition
Which object has the greatest amount of thermal energy? (assume all objects are made of the same material)
Situation #1:Two objects of different masses at the same temperature
Situation #2:Two objects of the same mass at different temperatures |
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Term
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Definition
| Different kinds of matter have different thermal energies, even at the same mass and temperature due to the way the particles are ________. |
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Term
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Definition
True or False
The kinetic energy of an object itself is unrelated to the thermal energy of the particles within the object.
Example: A ball sitting on a table can have the same thermal energy as a ball hurling through space, yet their mechanical kinetic energy is different. (Assuming they are made of the same material, have the same mass and are at the same temperature) |
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Term
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Definition
| thermal energy tht flows from material with a higher temperature to a material with a lower temperature |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of one kilogram of the material one Kelvin (or 10C) |
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Term
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Definition
| Specific Heat is measure in ____. |
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Term
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Definition
| Formula for calculating changes in thermal energy |
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Term
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Definition
| The transfer of energy through matter by direct conduct of particles |
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Term
| Solids, because the particles are closer together |
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Definition
| What phase of matter conducts heat best? Why? |
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Term
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Definition
| The transfer of energy by the bulk movement of the matter in currents |
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Term
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Definition
| Warmer material will rise in the presence of cooler material because it is ________. |
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Term
fluid
(gases and liquids) |
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Definition
| Convection occurs in materials that are _____. |
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Term
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Definition
| the circular movement of warmer (less dense) and cooler (more dense) materials |
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Term
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Definition
| the transfer of energy in the form of waves |
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Term
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Definition
True or False
Any material with thermal energy can emit radiant energy. |
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Term
Situation #1: dull object
Situation #2: dark-colored object
Shiny and light-colored objects are more likely to reflect the radiant energy
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Definition
Which object is able to absorb radiant energy more easily?
Situation #1: shiny object vs. dull object
Situation #2: dark-colored object vs. light colored object |
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Term
Insulators
Examples: air, wood, plastic |
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Definition
| materials that reduce the flow of heat energy |
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Term
Conductors
Examples: metals |
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Definition
| materials that allow heat to move through them easily |
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