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CA HAP-Disease
Disease Terminology and Descriptions
66
Science
12th Grade
10/06/2009

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Cards

Term
Health
Definition
The physical, mental and social well-being of an individual
Term
Disease
Definition
Any abnormality in body function that threatens well-being
Term
Pathology
Definition
the general study of diseases
Term
Disease diagnosis
Definition
The identification of a disease through observations of sign and symptoms
Term
Epidemiology
Definition
study of the occurrence, distribution and transmission of diseases in humans
Term
idiopathic
Definition
refers to diseases of unknown origin or causes
Term
remission
Definition
a temporary reversal of a disease that appears to be recovery
Term
metastasis
Definition
the migration of cancerous cells from one part of th body to another
Term
carcinomas
Definition
malignant tumors that arise from epithelial tissues
Term
sarcomas
Definition
malignant tumors that arise from connective tissues
Term
signs
Definition

 

objective abnormalities that
 canbeseen or measured by
someone other than the patient
(rash, fever, swelling)
Term
symptoms
Definition

 

subjective abnormalities felt only by the
patient (pain, soreness, itching)
Term
syndrome
Definition
a collection of signs and symptoms that present a clear picture of a pathological condition
Term
chronic
Definition
refers to signs and symptoms that generally develop slowly and last for long periods of time (perhaps for life)
Term
acute
Definition
refers to signs and symptoms that generally develop quickly and persist for short periods  of time
Term
subacute
Definition
refers to signs and symptoms classified somewhere between acute and chronic
Term
etiology
Definition
The study of all factors involved in causing a disease
Term
epidemiology
Definition
the study of the occurrence, distribution and transmission of diseases in humans
Term
communicable
Definition
refers to diseases that can be transmitted from one person to another
Term
pathogenesis
Definition
description of a disease's pattern of development
Term
incubation
Definition
latent period of a communicable disease
Term
convalescence
Definition
recovery period from illness or disease
Term
endemic
Definition
refers to a disease native or contained to a local region
Term
epidemic
Definition
refers to a disease that spreads to many individuals within a local region at the same time
Term
pandemic
Definition
refers to a disease that infects large geographical regions and many individuals around the same time
Term
Pathophysiology
Definition
study of the physiological mechanisms of disease
Term
Autoimmunity
Definition
diseases that result from the body's immune system attacking the body or from mistakes or overreactions of the immune system
Term
Degeneration
Definition
diseases that occur as the body parts break down or wear out, usually as a result of aging
Term
Genetic
Definition
diseases that result from altered or mutated genes
Term
Malnutrition
Definition
insuffiencient or imbalanced intake of nutrients that results in disease
Term
Inflammation
Definition
diseases that result from an abnormal inflammatory response at inappropriate times or when it is abnormally long or severe
Term

Neoplasms

 

benign and malignant

Definition

abnormal tissue growths

 

2 types

Term
Physical/Chemical
Definition
environmental agents such as cold, heat, radiation, chemicals that can cause disease
Term
Pathogenic
Definition
organisms that are disease-causing
Term
vectors
Definition

organisms that carry other pathogenic organisms and transfer them to humans

 

example: tick carries bacteria that can infect humans with Lyme disease

Term
Nevus
Definition
small, pigmented benign tumor
Term
papilloma
Definition
fingerlike benign projection
Term
adenoma
Definition
glandular benign tumor
Term
lipoma
Definition
benign adipose (fate) tumor
Term
osteoma
Definition
benign bone tumor
Term
chondroma
Definition
benign cartilage tumor
Term
melanoma
Definition
malignancy that involves melanocytes
Term
adenocarcinoma
Definition
glandular cancer
Term
lymphoma
Definition
lymphatic cancer
Term
ostesarcoma
Definition
bone cancer
Term
fibrosarcoma
Definition
cancer of fibrous tissue
Term
myeloma
Definition
bone marrow cancer
Term
oncologist
Definition
cancer specialists (doctor)
Term
Early signs of cancer
Definition

sores that do not heal

unusual bleeding

change in a wart or mole

lump or thickening in any tissue

persistent hoarseness or cough

chronic indigestion

change in bowel or bladder function

bone pain that wakes one at night and is locatd on only one side

Term
Cancer detection methods
Definition

self-examinations

diagnostic imaging

biopsy

blood tests

 

Term
oncogenes
Definition
genes that cause cancer
Term
biopsy
Definition
removal and examination of tumor tissue
Term
carcinogens
Definition
chemicals that cause
Term
Cancer treatments
Definition

chemotherapy

radiation

laser therapy

immunotherapy

Term

Inflammation

 

 

 

redness, edema (swelling), pain, heat

Definition

normal response to infections and injury that helps to speed recovery

 

classic signs of inflammation include:

Term
fever
Definition
one of the signs of systemic inflammatory response
Term
Local
Definition
inflammatory response isolated to one area
Term
systemic
Definition
inflammatory response throughout the body
Term
staging
Definition
classifying cancer based on size of tumor and extent of spreading
Term
grading
Definition
assessment of what a tumor is likely to do based on degree of cell abnormality
Term
prognosis
Definition
statement of the probably outcome of a disease
Term
cachexia
Definition
syndrome suffered by many cancer patients that includes loss of appetite, severe weight loss, and general weakness
Term

Genetics

Age

Lifestyle

Stress

Environment

Pre-existing conditions

Definition
What are some of the risk factors for disease?
Term

Avoid person-to-person contact

Monitor environmental contact

Avoid conditions that allow for opportunistic invasion

Monitor exposure to disease vectors

Vaccinations

Antibiotics

Definition
What are some methods of disease prevention and control?
Term
vaccination
Definition
a person is exposed to dead or weakened pathogen to help stimulate body's own immune response
Term
antibiotics
Definition
chemicals that kill or inhibit bacterial pathogens
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