Term
True or False:
Maternal infections such as coxsackie, rubella, and other viruses contracted during pregnancy can cause CHD? |
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Definition
True.
So can medications, alcohol, and drugs. |
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Term
True or false:
Children with CHD after have birth weights our of normal ranges and low APGARs. |
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Definition
False.
Birth weight is in normal range, maybe even large with diabetic mothers.
APGARS normal (unless cyanotic). |
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Term
True or False:
Children with CHD may have increased RR, decreased feeding tolerance, and FTT. |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you tell the difference between hypercyanotic spells (kids with TET) and breath holding spells? |
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Definition
| Look at events leading up to it and description of chest movement, respiratory effort. |
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Term
| Symptoms of Kawasaki's Disease: |
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Definition
| fever for 5 days, strawberry-colored tongue, bright red lips, bilateral nonexudative conjuctivitis, edema and erytheme of soles and palms, rash, large lymph nodes |
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Term
Risk of having child with CHD if:
1) sibling has CHD
2) parent has CHD |
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Definition
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Term
True or false:
There is no need to follow a cyanotic infants H/H levels until 6 months after they are born. |
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Definition
False.
Follow-up particularly between 2-3 months (the time of normal physiologic anemia). |
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Term
Irregular pulses may indicate _______.
Bounding pulses may indicate _______. |
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Definition
arrhythmia
aortic-run off lesions (PDA, AVM, etc). |
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Term
Where is the PMI located?
What about in newborns? |
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Definition
PMI is located at the apex and left midclavicular line.
In newborns, may be located at lower left sternal border (indicating RV dominance). |
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Term
What is a heave?
What is a thrill?
What is an ejection click? |
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Definition
Heave- diffuse PMI that is diffuse and rises slowly
Thrill- indicates turbulent blood flow; vibratory sensation palpated in precordium and over carotids.
Click- extra heart sounds occurring between S1 and S2. |
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Term
S1 is the ___ heart sounds and occurs when the ____ and ____ valves close.
Is it heard at the ____ sternal border. |
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Definition
First
Mitral and tricuspid
Lower left |
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Term
S2 is the ____ heart sound and occurs when the ____ and ____ valves close.
It is best heard at the ___ sternal border. |
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Definition
Second.
Pulmonic and aortic.
Upper left |
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Term
Systolic murmurs are heard _______.
Diastolic murmurs are heard ______. |
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Definition
Between S1 and S2.
After S2. |
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Term
|
Definition
Systolic, soft, short.
Heard over lower left sternal border.
Child is asymptomatic. |
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Term
True or false:
EKG's are used to establish a confirm a diagnosis vs establishing one. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx comprises the _____ respiratory tract. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The trachea, lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli comprise the _____ respiratory tract. |
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Definition
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Term
| Normal chest AP/transverse ratio is_____. |
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Definition
1:2.
In infants, OFC and chest wall are roughly equal in diameter (1:1).
At age 6, 1:1.36. |
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Term
True or false:
Cheyne-Stokes breathing is characterized by see-saw breathing pattern. |
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Definition
False.
Paradoxical breathing is seesaw-like and and is seen in newborns b/c they use abdominal muscles instead of intercostal muscles.
Cheyne-strokes breathing- increasing and decreasing TV separated by apnea (in CHF and increased ICP). |
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Term
| What is a normal I:E ratio in infants |
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Definition
1:2
In restrictive airway disease, 1:1
Upper airway obstruction, 2:2 or 4:2.
Obstructive diseased prolong expiration. |
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Term
What is bronchophony?
What is egophony? |
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Definition
bronchophony: auscultate and hear talking or crying clear
Egophony: "ee" sounds like "ay" upon auscultation
--> consolidation |
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