Term
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Definition
A tool that helps them plan a program’s logic by writing plain English statements.
Ex.)
- go west on Algonquin Road,
- turn left on Roselle Road,
- enter expressway heading east, and so on—you have written pseudocode.
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Term
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Definition
Sequence Structure: One step follows another step with no branching pathways, linear design
Decision Structure: Steps can branch off depending on whether certain conditions are met, such as a true or false statement. See below
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Term
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Definition
Used to check a condition in C#. If the condition is true, it executes a block of code. Optionally, you can use else to specify what happens when the condition is false.
Ex.)
if (age >= 18) //DO NOT ADD SEMICOLON HERE
{
Console.WriteLine("You are an adult.");
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("You are not an adult.");
}
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Term
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Definition
An if statement inside another if. It allows you to check multiple conditions, with the inner condition only evaluated if the outer condition is true.
Ex.)
int age = 20;
bool hasID = true;
if (age >= 18) // First condition
{
if (hasID) // Second condition, only checked if age >= 18
{
Console.WriteLine("You are allowed to enter.");
}
}
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Term
| Conditional AND Operator (&&) |
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Definition
Used to check multiple conditions in an if statement. All conditions must be true for the code block to execute. If any condition is false, the expression will short-circuit because the whole expression will be false. Must be a complete statement on both sides of the "&&."
Ex.) [image] |
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Term
| Conditional Or Operator (||) |
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Definition
Used to check multiple conditions in an if statement. Only requires one of the conditions to be true for the entire expression to evaluate as true. If the first condition is true the expression will short-circuit and doesn't evaluate the second condition because it doesn't need to, as the entire expression is true. Ex.)
bool isWeekend = true;
bool isHoliday = false;
if (isWeekend || isHoliday)
{
WriteLine("You can relax today.");
}
else
{
WriteLine("It's a workday.");
}
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Term
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Definition
A mathematical table used to determine the result of a logical expression for every possible combination of inputs.
&& Table: Evaluates False unless both are True
[image]
|| Table: Evaluates True unless both are False
[image] |
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Term
| Differences between Logical And/Or and Conditional And/Or |
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Definition
In terms of how expressions are evaluated, both do the same thing, however Logical and/or (& and |) do not support short-circuit evaluation like Conditional And/Or (&& and ||). Ex.)
bool a = false;
bool b = true;
if (a & b) // b is evaluated even though "a" is already false
{
Console.WriteLine("Both are true.");
}
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Term
| Combining AND and OR Operators |
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Definition
You can combine as many && and || operators in an expression as you need. When you use a series of only && or || operators in an expression they are evaluated from left to right. However, when you use both && and || operators in the same expression, the && operators take precedence. You can change this precedence by putting the || operator(s) in parentheses.
bool hasLicense = true;
bool hasCar = false;
int age = 20;
if ((age >= 18 && hasLicense) || hasCar)
{
Console.WriteLine("You can drive.");
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("You cannot drive.");
}
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Term
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Definition
An alternative to multiple nested-if statements. Tests a single variable against a series of exact matches.
Keywords:
Switch - Starts structure and is followed by a test expression ("year" in the example below)
Case - followed by one of the possible values that might equal the switch expression
Break - terminates a switch structure at the end of each case
Default - Optionally used for when a test expression does not match a case.
Ex.)
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Term
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Definition
Shorthand for an else-if statement. Follows the syntax:
condition ? expression_if_true : expression_if_false;
Ex.)
int age = 20;
string message = age >= 18 ? "You are an adult." : "You are a minor.";
Console.WriteLine(message); // Output: "You are an adult."
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Term
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Definition
Inverts the Boolean value of a condition. If a condition is true, ! makes it false, and vice versa.
Ex.)
bool isRaining = false;
if (!isRaining)
{
Console.WriteLine("You can go outside without an umbrella.");
}
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