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C++
notes on programming
54
Computer Science
Not Applicable
09/27/2012
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Term
comments
 Definition
//comment
/*comment
comment*/
Term
cout
cin
 Definition
iostream library
using namespace std
cout<cin>>x
Term
header file
 Definition
#ifndef
#define
//declarations
#endif
Term
macro define
 Definition
#define indentifier replacement
#define YEN_PER_DOLLAR 127
Term
sizeof()
 Definition
shows num of bytes in type or variable
iostream library
Term
signed
 Definition
holds neg and pos nums from
-128 to 127
Term
unsigned
 Definition
holds only pos nums from 0 to 255
Term
equality operator
 Definition
if(x==5)
do something;
Term
ASCII code
 Definition
char chchar=97;
cout chchar; will print a
use int cast to print number
cout (int)chchar;
Term
newline
 Definition
\n makes new line
Term
tab
 Definition
\t big space/tab
Term
alert
 Definition
\a makes samll beep
Term
backspace
 Definition
\b moves cursor back a space
Term
formfeed
 Definition
\f moves cursor to next page
Term
carriage return
 Definition
\r moves cursor to beggining of line
Term
vertical tab
 Definition
\v
Term
single quote
 Definition
\'
Term
double quote
 Definition
\"
Term
backslash
 Definition
\\
Term
question mark
 Definition
\?
Term
unary plus
 Definition
+x value of x
Term
unary minus
 Definition
-x negation of x
Term
assignment
 Definition
y=x
assign y value to x
Term
modulus assignment
 Definition
x%=y
put remainder of x/y in x
Term
prefix increment
 Definition
++x
increment x, thenevaluate x
Term
prefix decrement
 Definition
--x
decrement x, then evaluate x
Term
postfix increment
 Definition
x++
evaluate x,then increment
Term
postfix decrement
 Definition
x--
evaluate x,then decrement
Term
comma
 Definition
x,y
evalute x then y, return value of y
Term
arithmetic if
 Definition
c?x:y
if c is true then x, otherwise y
Term
logical NOT
 Definition
!x
true if x is false
Term
logical AND
 Definition
x&&y
true only if both are truee
Term
logical OR
 Definition
x||y
true if either x or y are true
Term
left and right shift
 Definition
x<x>>y all bits in x shifted right y bits
(binary 1's shifted,if pushed off end,lost)
Term
bitwise NOT
 Definition
~x all bits in x flipped
0110=x
~x=1001
Term
Bitwise AND
 Definition
x&y
0 1 0 1 // 5
0 1 1 0 // 6
0 1 0 0
adds to one if both are ones
Term
Bitwise OR
 Definition
x|y
0 1 0 1 // 5
0 1 1 0 // 6
0 1 1 1
adds to one if either has one
Term
BItwise XOR
 Definition
x^y
0 1 0 1 // 5
0 1 1 0 // 6
0 0 1 1
ony evals to one if only one of them has a one
Term
static keyword
 Definition
makes global variable file scope or if applied to variable in a block makes it fixed duration so it stays after block is destroyed
Term
casting
 Definition
changes type
int x = 10;
int y = 4;
float fValue = (float)x /y;
Term
static cast
 Definition
float fValue = static_cast(nValue1) / nValue2;
-only does standard type conversions
Term
enum
 Definition
way to create own data type
ex.
enum Color
{COLOR_BLACK
COLOR_GREY}
dec enum var- Color ecolor =COLOR_GREY
automatically recives num value
Term
typedef
 Definition
allows alias for data type
ex. typedef long miles;
Term
structs
 Definition
group variables of mixed data types together into a single unit
ex. struct Employee
{
int nID;
int nAge;
float fWage;
};
Employee sFrank; // create an Employee struct for Frank
sFrank.nID = 15;
sFrank.nAge = 28;
sFrank.fWage = 18.27;
Term
if statement
 Definition
if (expression)
statement
use block{} for multiple statements
add else if, and else for more possiilites
Term
switch statement
 Definition
for multiple conditions
switch (cChar)
{
case '0':
case '1':
case '2':
case '3':
case '4':
case '5':
case '6':
case '7':
case '8':
case '9':
return true;
default:
return false;
}
Term
goto staement
 Definition
makes cpu jump to another spot in code

statmentlabel:lots of code
goto statementlabel;
Term
while statement
 Definition
while (expression)
statement;
-
Term
do while statement
 Definition
do
statement;
while (condition);
Term
for statement
 Definition
for (init-statement; expr1; expr2)
statement;
for (int iii=0; iii < 10; iii++)
cout << iii << " ";
multiple declarations:
for (int iii=0, jjj=9; iii < 10; iii++, jjj--)
cout << iii << " " << jjj << endl;
Term
array
 Definition
access multiple variables through one index
ex. int anTestScores[30]; // allocate 30 integers
int anTestscores[0]=69;
Term
non-constant integer arrays
 Definition
const int nArraySize = 5;
int anArray[nArraySize];
Term
intilializer list
 Definition
int anArray[5] = { 3, 2, 7, 5, 8 };
if not intialized-equal 0
Term
enum-arrays
 Definition
enum StudentNames
{
KENNY, // 0
KYLE, // 1
STAN, // 2
BUTTERS, // 3
CARTMAN, // 4
MAX_STUDENTS // 5
};

int anTestScores[MAX_STUDENTS]; // allocate 5 integers
anTestScores[STAN] = 76;
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