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Examples of vulnerable populations; people subject to the following issues |
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Definition
* violence * substance abuse * mental health * homelessness * rural and migrant health |
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Factors affecting vulnerable populations |
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Definition
* poverty * poor self esteem * young or advanced age * chronic stress * emotional instability * environmental factors |
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Health care goals for vulnerable populations |
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Definition
* encourage use of PCP * increase # with health insurance * make access to health care easier for immigrants |
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Term
Types of violence: homicide |
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Definition
* stranger killer usually r/t substance abuse * most homicides are known killer (family, friend) during argument * in families, homicide often precedes abuse * increased rate among adolescents |
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Term
Types of violence: assault |
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Definition
* Males are more likely to be assaulted * youths are at higher risk |
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* underreported / unreported * date / maritabl rape * most violence against women is intimate partner violence * increased incidence reported in cities betwn 8 p and 2 a, on weekends, and in summer |
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Types of violence: suicide |
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Definition
* women make more ATTEMPTS * men more likely to die * males 15 to 19 more likely to commit suicide than females in same age |
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Definition
Physical * pain or harm results * infant -- shaken baby * domestic partner -- striking / strangling * older adult -- pushing Sexual -- contact without consent Emotional * minimizes individual's self-worth * humiliates, threatens, intimidates family member Neglect, failure to provide * physical care (e.g., feeding) * emotional care / stimulation for child to develop * education, not enrolling child in school * needed health / dental care Economic maltreatment * failure to provide needs when adequte funds available * unpaid bills when another manging finances, resulting in loss of utilities |
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Term
Factors influencing individual's potential for violence |
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Definition
* hx of abuse / exposure to violence * low self-esteem * fear / distrust of others * poor self-control * inadequate social skills * immature motivation for marriage / childbearing * weak coping skills |
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Signs of actual or potential child abuse |
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Definition
* unexplained injury * unusual fear of nurse or others * evidence of injuries not mentioned in history (old burns, scars, ecchymsis, bite marks * fractures, older healed fx * subdural hematomas * trauma to genitalia * malnourishment / dehydration * poor hygiene * inappropriate dress for weather * "bad child" |
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Definition
* unexplained / repeated physical injuries * physical neglect / unmet basic needs * rejection of assistance by caregiver * financial mismanagement * withdrawal / passivity * depression |
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Community / social factors r/t violence |
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Definition
* work stress * unemployment * media exposure to violence * crowded living conditions * poverty * feelings of powerlessness * social isolation * lack of community resources (playgrounds, parks, theaters) |
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Term
Primary prevention strategies to reduce societal violence |
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Definition
* teach alternative methods of conflict resolution * parenting classes * community services available for protection * community ed about aging and safeguards needed for older adults * reducing stress for caregivers * increasing support for isolated families * ed adults about how to safeguard finances * teach -- no one has right to touch or hurt * teach how to report |
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Term
Secondary prevention strategies to reduce societal violence |
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Definition
* ID / screen those at risk for abuse or being an abuser * assess / eval any unexplained bruises / injuries * screen all pregnant women for potential abuse * refer sexual assault victims to ER for physical evidence; ed re protection of evidence * counsel anyone contemplating suicide or homicide; refer * support / educate offender, even tho referral must be made * held offenders deal with stressors causing neg behavor * ed re available resources in community |
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Term
Tertiary prevention r/t societal violence |
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Definition
* est parameters for long-term f/u * provide #'s for crisis lines / shelters * work with parents if kid in foster care * refer to mental health for long-term assistance * provide grief counseling for victims * develop support groups * advocate for legislation to assist older adult independence and increase funding for programs for services to low-income and at-risk individuals |
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Term
When caring for clients who experience violence: |
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Definition
* build trust / confidence with a client * focus on client rather than situation * assess for immediate danger * provide emergence care as needed * dev plan for safety * make needed referrals for community services and legal options * complete mandatory reporting` |
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Definition
Use of any substance threatening individual's health or social and economic functioning |
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Term
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Definition
* affects all family members * produces codependency in nonaddicted individuals |
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Definition
harms family life, public safety, economy |
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Term
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Definition
pattern of pathological, compulsive use of substances that can involve physiological dependence |
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Term
cardinal signs of addiction |
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Definition
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Term
Primary sign of addiction: denial |
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Definition
* defensiveness * lying about use * minimizing use * blaming / rationalizing use * intellectualizing |
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Health problems associated with drug abuse and addiction |
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Definition
* low birth wt * congenital abnormalities * accidents * homicides * suicides * chronic diseases * violence |
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Term
body processes alcohold dependent on |
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Definition
* size / weight * gender * carbonation * time * food * emotional state |
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Term
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Definition
filtered by liver at 1 oz / hr |
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Definition
circulates in brain; affects CNS and brain |
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Term
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Definition
frequent consisten drinkers develop tolerance |
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Definition
* 6 hrs later * irritability * tremors * nausea * vominting * HA * diaphoresis * anxiety * sleep disturbance |
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Definition
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smoking -- most preventable cause of death in US |
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Definition
CV disease, cancer, resp disease |
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other tobacco -- cigars, pipes, smokeless tobacco |
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Definition
cancer of lips, mouth, throat |
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Definition
respiratory disease, lung cancer |
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Definition
at onset of alcohol withdrawal can prevent DT's |
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Definition
caffeine, amphetamines, cocaine |
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Definition
barbiturates, benzodiazepines, opioids, heroin |
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Definition
euphoria, stimulation, hallucinations |
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Definition
* lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) * phencyclidine (PCP) * MDMA (Ectasy) |
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Definition
volatile substances that are inhaled (huffed) -- death from acute cardiac dysrhythmias or asphyxiation |
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Term
Assessment of individual re substance abuse |
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Definition
* establish rapport * mattor of fact tone * nonjudgmental * normalize when appropriate * seek info about substances used, methods use, quantity, frequency * elicit info about consequences * blackouts * OD * injuries self / others * legal / social difficulties * family history |
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Term
Physical assessment w substance abuse |
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Definition
* VS -- BP, HR, temp elevated * resp rapid, shallow, depressed * appearance -- disheveled, unsteady gait * eyes -- dilated / pinpoint pupils; red, poor eye contact * skin -- diaphoretic, cool, clammy, needle tracks, spider angiomas * nose -- runny, congested, red, cauliflower-shaped * tremors -- fine / course |
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Term
Primary prevention strategies for substance abuse |
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Definition
* increase public awareness * encourage development of life skills |
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Secondary prevention strategies for substance abuse |
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Definition
* ID at-risk individuals; assist reduction of stress * screen for excessive substance abuse |
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Tertiary prevention strategies for substance abuse |
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Definition
* assist client to develop plan to avoid high-risk situations; enhance coping and lifestyle changes * refer to community groups (AA, NA) * monitr pharmacological mgt * provide emotional support to recovering abusers / families; + reinforcement |
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Term
Mental Illness characteristics |
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Definition
* occurs across lifespan * high risk of substance abuse * high suicide risk * some disorders * affective (bipolar, depression) * anxiety (OCD, panic, phobias, PTSD * Sschizophrenia * dementia * conduct disorders * eating disorders |
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Term
Factors contribution to mental health of aggregates |
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Definition
* individual coping abilities * stressful life events (exposure to violence) * social events (divorce, separation, unemployment, bereavement) * chronic health problems * stigma associated with seeking mental health services |
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Term
Primary prevention for mental health |
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Definition
* educate * stress-reduction techniques * parenting classes * bereavement support * promote protective factors (eg, coping abilities) and risk factor reduction |
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Term
Secondary prevention for mental health |
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Definition
* screen for mental health disorders * work directly with individuals, families, groups through therapeutic relationship * conduct crisis intervention |
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Tertiary prevention for mental health |
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Definition
* perform med monitoring * provide interventions * refer to professionals, support groups * maintain level of function to prevent relapse or frequent rehospitalization * ID triggers that may lead to relapse * assist in planning regular lifestyle and minimizing sources of stress * educate re med SE / interactions |
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Term
Characteristics of homeless |
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Definition
* Unemployed, low wages, migrant workers * female head of household * families with children (growing fast) * mentally ill (lg segment) * people with substance abuse issue * abandoned children * adolescent runaways * older adults with no one to care for them |
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Health conditions of homeless |
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Definition
* upper resp disorders * TB * skin disorders (athlete's foot) * infestations (scabies, lice) * alcoholism / drug abuse * HIV / AIDs * assault / rape * mental illness * dental caries * hypothermia and heat-related illnesses * malnutrition |
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Term
Preventing homelessness / assisting the homeless |
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Definition
* refer mentally ill to therapy * improve parenting schools to limit runaways * assist in finding temp shelter * assist for long-term shelter * advocate for services to provide for mentally ill and homeless * refer for employee assistance and educational programs |
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Term
Health status of rural residents |
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Definition
* higher infant and maternal morbidity rates * higher rates of chronic illness and MVA * higher health occupational risks * higher suicide rates * higher risk of trauma and injuries * less likely to seek medical care |
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Term
barriers to health care in rural areas |
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Definition
* distance from services * lack of transportation * unpredictable weather / travel conditions * inability to pay for care / underinsured / uninsured * shortage of health care providers / hospitals |
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health problems of migrant workers |
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Definition
* dental disease * TB * HIV * depression / other mental health issues * domestic violence * lack of prenatal care * higher infant mortality rates |
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Term
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Definition
* poor and unsanitary working and housing conditions * less access to dental, mental health, and pharmacy services * inability to afford care * availability of services * language / cultural aspects |
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Term
Primary prevention strategies in rural and migrant health care |
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Definition
* educate re measures to reduce exposure to pesticides * teach re accident prevention * provide prenatal care * mobilize preventive services (dental, immunizations) |
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Term
Secondary prevention for rural / migrant health |
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Definition
Screen for * pesticide exposure * skin cancer * chronic preventable diseases * communicable diseases |
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Term
Tertiary prevention for rural / migrant health |
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Definition
* treat for sx of pesticide exposure * mobilize primary care and emergency services |
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