What are atoms made up of?

Protons, neutrons and electrons

Which two parts of the atom have equal and opposite electric charge?

Protons and electrons

- there is always the same number of protons as there is electrons

Which part of the atom is POSITIVELY charged?

Which part of the atom is NEGATIVELY charged?

POSITIVELY: Protons

NEGATIVELY: Electrons

Which part of the atom has no electrical charge?

Neutrons - they are neutral

Protons and neutrons - Nucleus

Electrons - Shells

Elements reaxt to form compounds by gaining or losing, or even sharing electrons

What is covalent bonding?

The process of sharing electrons

What is ionic bonding?

The process of transferring electrons

Magnesium is in Group 2. It has two electrons in its highest energy level. When these electrons are lost, a magnesium ion Mg²⁺ is formed.

A magnesium ion has the same electronic structure as a neon atom (Ne).

Oxygen is in Group 6. It has six electrons in its highest energy level. It gains two electrons from one or two other atoms in reactions, forming an oxide ion, O^2-.

(Non Metal Ions)

Consider reactions between metals and non-metals, for example;

sodium + chlorine → sodium chloride

 In each of these reactions, the metal atoms give electrons to the non-metal atoms. The metal atoms become positive ions and the non-metal atoms become negative ions.

Do ionic compounds have high or low boiling and melting points?

HIGH

What is the definition of Ionic Bonding?

Do Covalent Bonds have high or low boiling and melting points?

LOW

Giant Covalent Structures and their properties:

The table shows some of the units used to measure length. As you go down the table, each unit is 1,000 times smaller than the one above it.

Why are metals good conductors of heat and electricity?

Because the free electrons carry a charge or heat energy through the metal. 

Why are metals "malleable" and "ductile"?

Malleable -  re-shapable

Ductile -  able to deform

The free electrons allow metal atoms to slide over each other.