Shared Flashcard Set

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C.P. History
FInals Fall/Winter of 2018
77
Archaeology
Undergraduate 1
12/18/2018

Additional Archaeology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

Treaty of Tordesillas

Definition

 

Treaty negotiated by the Pope to resolve territorial claims of Spain and Portugal

Term
Cahokia
Definition
One of the largest urban centers created by the Mississippian people close to present-day St. Louis
Term
Columbian Exchange
Definition
The transatlantic exchange of plants, animals, food, people, diseases, and ideas
Term
Anasazis
Definition
Settled in farming communities in what is present-day Colorado, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico
Term

 

Reformation

Definition

 

A religious movement that challenged the Catholic Church and led to a separation of the church

Term

 

Islam

Definition

 

Became the dominant religion through many parts of North and West Africa

Term

Mayans

 

Definition
an indigenous people of Mexico and Central America who have continuously inhabited the lands comprising modern-day Yucatan, Quintana Roo, Campeche, Tabasco, and Chiapas in Mexico and southward through Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador and Honduras
Term

 

Aztecs

Definition
Warrior people who dominated the Valley of Mexico from about 1100 AD to 1521 when Spanish soldiers led by Hernan Cortez invaded
Term

 

Timbuktu

Definition

 

A city located in the Songhai empire that was an important center of trade and government

Term

Plain Indians

 

 

Definition

Settled along the river valleys, farmed, and hunted bison

 

 

Term

Tenochtitlan
Definition
Capital city of the Aztec Empire
Term
Powhatan
Definition
Pocahontas’s father
Term
John Davenport
Definition
Founded New Haven
Term

 

The Act of Religious Toleration

Definition

 

Freedom of Worship for all Christians

Term

 

Joint-stock company

Definition

 

Group of People pooled money together to help fund colonization expeditions

Term
Puritans
Definition
Want to purify the church of England from within; founded Massachusetts Bay Colony
Term
House of Burgesses
Definition
First Legislative body in English America
Term
Quakers
Definition
Member of the Society of Friends and helped found Pennsylvania
Term

John Smith
Definition
Leader of Jamestown
Term

 


Separatists

Definition

 

Separated from the Church of England; founded the Plymouth colony

Term
Mayflower Compact
Definition
First Document to establish self-government in North America
Term

 

Slave Code

Definition

 

Defined Status of slaves and codified denial of Civil Rights

Term
Indentured Servant
Definition
Individual who contracted to serve a master for a period of four to seven years
Term
Quebec
Definition
First permanent French settlement in North America (1608)
Term
Jamestown
Definition
English settlement in the Chesapeake Bay
Term
Metacom
Definition
Leader of Wampanoag
Term
Olaudah Equiano
Definition
a Former slave who bought his freedom and wrote about slave injustices
Term
Pueblo Revolt
Definition
- Rebellion in 1680 of Pueblo Indians and Spanish Colonists
Term

 

Middle Passage

Definition

 

The Voyage between West Africa and the New World slave colonies

Term

 

Middle Passage

Definition

 

The Voyage between West Africa and the New World slave colonies

Term
Nathaniel Bacon
Definition
Led a violent campaign against many Native American villages and then attacked Jamestown
Term

 

Redemptioner

Definition

 

Labor contract signed in America rather than in Europe

Term
Beaver Wars
Definition
Series of bloody conflicts occurring between 1640 and 1680 between Iroquois and Hurons
Term
King Philip's War
Definition
Conflict in New England (1675-1676) between Wampanoags, Narragansetts and other Indian peoples against the English settlers sparked by English encroachment on native lands
Term
Actual Representation
Definition
The practice whereby elected representatives normally reside in their districts and are directly responsive to local interests
Term
Age of Enlightenment
Definition
Major intellectual movement occurring in Western Europe in the late 17th and early 18th centuries
Term
Age of Enlightenment
Definition
Major intellectual movement occurring in Western Europe in the late 17th and early 18th centuries
Term
Albany Plan of Union
Definition
The Albany Plan of Union was a plan to create a unified government for the Thirteen Colonies, suggested by Benjamin Franklin, then a senior leader and a delegate from Pennsylvania, at the Albany Congress on July 10, 1754 in Albany, New York.
Term
Country, or “Real Whig” ideology
Definition
The Whigs were a political faction and then a political party in the parliaments of England, Scotland, Great Britain, Ireland and the United Kingdom.
Term
Dominion of New England
Definition
James II’s failed plan of 1686 to combine eight northern colonies into a single large province, to be governed by a roal appointee (Sir Edmund Andros) with an appointed council but no elective assembly. The plan ended with James’s ouster from the English throne and rebellion in Massachusetts against Adro’s Rule
Term
Enumerated Products
Definition
Items produced in the colonies and enumerated in acts of Parliament that could be legally shipped from the colony of origin only to specified locations, usually England and other Destinations within the British Empire
Term
French and Indian War
Definition
The last of the anglo-french colonial wars and the first in which fighting began in North America. The war ended with France’s defeat and the loss of its North American empire.
Term
Glorious Revolution
Definition
Bloodless revolt that occurred in England in 1688 when parliamentary leaders invited William of Orange, a Protestant, to assume the english throne.
Term
Grand Settlement
Definition
Separate peace treaties negotiated by Iroquois diplomats at Montreal and Albany that marked the beginning of the Iroquois neutrality in conflicts between the French and the British in North America.
Term
Grand Settlement
Definition
Separate peace treaties negotiated by Iroquois diplomats at Montreal and Albany that marked the beginning of the Iroquois neutrality in conflicts between the French and the British in North America.
Term
Great Awakening
Definition
Tremendous religious revival in colonial America. Sparked by the tour of the English evangelical minister, George Whitefield, the Awakening struck first in the middle  colonies and New England in the 1740s and eventually spread to the southern colonies by the 1760s
Term
Halfway Covenant
Definition
Plan adopted in 1662 by New England clergy to deal with the problem of declining church membership allowing children of baptized parents to be baptized whether or not their parents had experienced conversion.
Term
King George’s War
Definition
The third Anglo-French war in North America. part of the european conflict known as the war of the Austrian Succession.
Term
King William’s War
Definition
The first Anglo-French conflict in North America. The American can phase of Europe’s war of the League of Augsburg.
Term

 

Mercantilism

Definition

 

Economic system whereby the government intervenes in the economy for the purpose of increasing national wealth.  

Term

 

New Lights

Definition

 

People who experienced conversion during the revivals of the Great Awakening.

Term
Queen Anne’s War
Definition
American phase Europe’s war of the Spanish Succession
Term
Treaty of Lancaster
Definition
Negotiation in 1744 whereby Iroquois chiefs sold Virginia land speculators the right to trade at the forks of the ohio
Term
Treaty of Paris
Definition
the formal end to britain hostilities against france and spain in february 1763
Term
Virtual Representation
Definition
the notion that parliamentary members represented the interests of the nation of a whole, not those of the particular district that elected them
Term

 

Bacon’s Rebellion

Definition

 

Violent conflict in Virginia (1675-1676) beginning with settler attacks on Indians but culminating in a rebellion led by Nathaniel Bacon against Virginia’s Government.

Term
Slave Code
Definition
Slave Codes are the subset of laws regarding slavery and enslaved people, specifically in the Americas.
Term
Creole
Definition
a person of mixed European and black descent, especially in the Caribbean.
Term
Indentured Servant
Definition
An indentured servant or indentured laborer is an employee within a system of unfree labor who is bound by a signed or forced contract to work for a particular employer for a fixed time.
Term
Boston Massacre
Definition
After months of increasing friction between townspeople and the British troops stationed in the city, on March 5, 1770, British troops fired on American civilians in Boston
Term
Boston Tea Party
Definition
Incident that occurred on 10/16/1773, in which Bostonians, disguised as Indians, destroyed £9,000 worth of tea belonging to the British East India Company in order to prevent payment of the duty on it
Term

Coercive Acts
Definition
Legislation passed by Parliament in 1774; included the Boston Port Act, the Massachusetts Government Act, the Administration of Justice Act, and the Quartering Act of 1774.
Term
Declaratory Act
Definition
Law passed in 1766 to accompany repeal of the Stamp Act that stated that Parliament had the authority to legislate for the colonies “in all cases however
Term
First Continental Congress
Definition
Meeting of delegates from most of the colonies held in 1774 in response to the Coercive Acts. The congress endorsed the Suffolk Resolves, adopted the Declaration of Rights and Grievances, and agreed to establish the Continental Association.
Term
Pontiac’s Rebellion
Definition
Indian uprising in 1763 to 1766 led by Pontiac of the Ottawas and Neolin of the Delawares.
Term
Proclamation of 1763
Definition
Royal proclamation setting the boundary known as the proclamation line
Term
Quartering Acts
Definition
Acts of Parliament requiring colonial legislatures to provide supplies and quarters for the troops stationed in America
Term
Quebec Acts
Definition
Law passed by Parliament in 1774 that provided an appointed government for Canada, enlarged the boundaries of Quebec, and confirmed the privileges of the Catholic Church
Term
Sons of Liberty
Definition
a collection of loosely organized activists that put pressure on stamp distributors and British authorities
Term
Stamp Act
Definition
Law passed by parliament in 1765 to raise revenue in America by requiring taxed, stamped paper for legal documents, publications, and playing cards.
Term
Stamp Act Congress
Definition
October 1765 meeting of delegates sent by nine colonies, that adopted the Declaration of Rights and Grievances and petitioned against the stamp act
Term
Sugar Act
Definition
Law passed in 1764 to raise revenue in American colonies. Lowered the duty from 6 pence to 3 pence per gallon on foreign molasses imported into the colonies and increased the restrictions on colonial commerce.
Term
Tea Act of 1773
Definition
Act of Parliament that permitted the East India Company to sell through agents in America without paying the duty customarily collected in Britain, thus reducing the retail price
Term
Tories
Definition
Derisive term applied to loyalists in America who supported the king and Parliament just before and during the American Revolution
Term
Townshend Duty Act
Definition
Act of Parliament, passed in 1767, imposed duties on colonial tea, lead, paint, paper, and glass
Term
Whigs
Definition
The name used by advocates of colonial resistance to British measures during the 1760s and 70s
Term
Writs of Assistance
Definition
documents issued by a court of law that gave British officials in America the power to search for smuggled goods whenever they wished
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