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Henry Clay's proposed agreement that allowed California to enter the Union as a free state and divided the rest of the Mexican Cession into two territories where slavery would be decided by popular sovereignty.
p 117 |
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(1850) a law that made it a crime to help runaway slaves; allowed for the arrest of escaped slaves in areas where slavery was illegal and required their return to slaveholders.
p. 117 |
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(1850) a law that made it a crime to help runaway slaves; allowed for the arrest of escaped slaves in areas where slavery was illegal and required their return to slaveholders.
p. 117 |
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(1813–1861) American politician and pro-slavery nominee for president; he debated Abraham Lincoln about slavery during the Illinois senatorial race. He proposed the unpopular Kansas-Nebraska Act, and he established the Freeport Doctrine, upholding the idea of popular sovereignty.
p. 117 |
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the idea that political authority belongs to the people.
p. 117 |
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(1854) a law that allowed voters in Kansas and Nebraska to choose whether to allow slavery.
p. 117 |
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(1791–1868) American politician and fifteenth president of the United States; he was chosen as the Democratic nominee for president in 1854 for being politically experienced and not offensive to slave states.
p. 118 |
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(1809–1865) Sixteenth president of the United States; he promoted equal rights for African Americans in the famous Lincoln-Douglas debates. He issued the Emancipation Proclamation and set in motion the Civil War, determined to preserve the Union. He was assassinated in 1865.
p. 119 |
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a series of debates between Republican Abraham Lincoln and Democrat Stephen Douglas during the 1858 U.S. Senate campaign in Illinois p. 120 |
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| (1808–1889) First and only president of the Confederate States of America after the election of President Abraham Lincoln in 1860 led to the secession of many southern states. p. 122 |
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| Confederate States of America |
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the nation formed by the southern states when they seceded from the Union. p. 122 |
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(1861) the first battle of the Civil War; surrendered by the Union on April 14, 1861 p. 123 |
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(1807–1870) American general; he refused Lincoln’s offer to head the Union Army and agreed to lead Confederate forces. He successfully led several major battles until his defeat at Gettysburg, and he surrendered to the Union’s Commander General Grant at Appomattox Courthouse. p. 124 |
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(1861) the first major battle of the Civil War, resulting in a Confederate victory; showing the North that the Civil War would not be won easily. p. 125 |
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(1822–1885) Eighteenth president of the United States; he received a ?eld promotion to lieutenant general in charge of all Union forces. He accepted General Robert E. Lee’s surrender at Appomattox Courthouse, ending the Civil War. p. 125 |
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(1862) a Civil War battle in Tennessee in which the Union army gained greater control over the Mississippi River valley. p. 125 |
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(1862) a Union victory in the Civil War that marked the bloodiest single-day battle in U.S. military history. p. 126 |
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| Emancipation Proclamation |
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(1862) an order issued by President Abraham Lincoln freeing the slaves in areas rebelling against the Union; took effect January 1, 1863. p. 127 |
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| Battle of Chancellorsville |
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(1863) Civil War battle that was one of the Confederate army's major victories; nearly 17,000 Union soldiers and 13,000 Confederate soldiers were killed, including Confederate General Stonewall Jackson. p. 129 |
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(1863) a Union Civil War victory that turned the tide against the Confederates. p. 129 |
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(1865) a constitutional amendment that outlawed slavery. p. 130 |
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(1867-68) the laws that put the southern states under U.S. military control and required them to draft new constitutions upholding the Fourteenth Amendment. p. 133 |
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a secret society created by white southerners in 1866 that used terror and violence to keep African Americans from obtaining their civil rights. p. 133 |
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This bill gave African Americans citizenship and guaranteed them the same legal rights as white Americans. p. 134 |
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(1866) a constitutional amendment giving full rights of citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the United States, except for American Indians. p. 134 |
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(1870) gave African American men the right to vote. p. 135 |
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meaning scoundrel; name given by former Confederates to those southerners who supported the shift in power to Congress and the army in the South during Reconstruction. p. 135 |
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name given by Southern critics to Southerners allied with northern Republicans who came south to take part in the region's political and economic rebirth; given this name because it was claimed they could carry everything they owned in a carpetbag, a type of cheap suitcase made from carpet. p. 135 |
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A system used on southern farms after the Civil War in which farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops. p. 136 |
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System of farming where farmers rented their land from the landowner, and were allowed to grow whatever crop they chose. p. 136 |
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Group of Republicans that broke with the Republican party over the Enforcement Acts scandals of the Grant administration. p. 137 |
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