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| an influence on an object with mass that results in a change in velocity of the mass. |
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| force acting over a distance |
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| measure of the amount of work done, in a sense same as work |
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| force that will accelerate 1gm/1m/sec |
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| work done by force of 1 newton |
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| distance traveled per unit time |
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inherent energy in motion of a body
mass x (velocity squared)/ 2
as velocity and mass increase this increases |
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force exerted by atoms and molecules
force/area |
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| increase in density= increase pressure |
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| passive force exerted in opposition to another and active force. |
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| resistance to flow in a tube caused by adhesive and cohesive forces |
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| measure of fluids internal resistance to flow, increases with increasing intermolecular forces |
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| pressure in regards to flow |
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| change in pressure= flow x resistance |
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| an external pressure is applied to a confined fluid the pressure is transmitted unchanged to every point within the fluid (hydraulic system) |
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| total force of gas on the earth's surface |
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| pressure surrounding the organism, could be anywhere |
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| unit of pressure to support 1mm column at Hg at 0 degrees Celcius, |
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| pressure exerted by a single component gas of a mixture of gases. |
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| Partial pressure of oxygen at sea level |
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| min pressure necessary to liquefy gas at its critical temperature |
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| Temp above which a gas can not be liquefied regardless of amount of pressure applied |
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relates volume of flow through a tube:
pie x r (4th power) change P/8 n L
looks at diameter, pressure differential, length and viscosity
l=length, n=viscosity |
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relates flow through an orifice
1/square root MW |
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flow = 1/viscosity
inversely proportional to viscosity
more compressed diameter the faster the flow |
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1/ square root density
inversely proportional to density |
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| velocity at which a liquid or gas turns from laminar to turbulent flow. decreased diameter will increase turbulent flow |
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| bernoulli's theorem (continuity law) |
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in a tube of varying diameter a decrease in diameter results in an increase in velocity.
-tube of varying diameter velocity is inversely proportional to velocity.
- as speed of fluid increases the pressure exerted by the fluid decreases.
Venturi effect is an example |
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demonstrates the venturi effect where a pressure differential is created by changing the diameter of a tube. This sub atmospheric pressure draws a second gas inward and allows mixture with first gas.
application: variable orifice flowmeter |
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temp at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals ambient pressure
(enough heat energy to activate molecules to leave liquid state to gas state)
at elevation requires less energy bc less atm pressure. |
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temp at which if a volume of air is cooled moisture precipitates out.
increased temp: more water can be held
decreased temp: less water can be held |
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conversion of a volatile liquid to a gas/vapor
process by which particles escape from the surface of
a liquid
-endothermic
-will eventually cease due to cooling unless heat is applied to system |
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pressure exerted by vapor particles in equilibrium with a liquid
-polarity, mass and temperature (factors that effect VP) |
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| latent heat of vaporization |
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| amount of heat absorbed to convert a liquid to a gas at its BP. |
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form of energy transferred from a hotter substance to a cooler substance
flows from high to low |
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measure of conductivity of molecules and kinetic energy of molecules
-thermal state of a substance which determines whether it will give heat to another substance or receive heat from another substance |
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requires input of energy
ice --->water----> vapor |
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requires output of energy
vapor--->water--->ice |
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| conduction, convection, radiation, evaporation |
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heat transferred from one point to another by direct contact
ex: patient on OR table |
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heat transfer with fluid flow over a solid while temp is different between fluid and solid
ex: bear hugger (?) |
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transfer of heat by divergence in all directions from a center
ex: body heat will radiate to other objects in a room |
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transfer of heat converting a liquid to a vapor
ex: humidification of dry inspired gas |
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