Cacophony was an American heavy metal band formed in 1986 by guitarists Marty Friedman and Jason Becker.^[1] They remained active until 1989, after which both guitarists would go on to forge their own solo careers and join other bands.

A caricature is a rendered image showing the features of its subject in a simplified or exaggerated way.

In literature, a caricature is a description of a person using exaggeration of some characteristics and oversimplification of others.^[1]

Caricatures can be insulting or complimentary and can serve a political purpose or be drawn solely for entertainment. Caricatures of politicians are commonly used in editorial cartoons, while caricatures of movie stars are often found in entertainment magazines.

The term is derived from the Italian caricare—to charge or load. An early definition occurs in the English doctor Thomas Browne'sChristian Morals, published posthumously in 1716.

This article is about the method of doing research. For the teaching method, see Case method. For the method of teaching law, see Casebook method. For reports of clinical cases, see Case report. For the Case Study (1969) film series by Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, see propaganda film.

A catastrophe is an extremely large-scale disaster, a horrible event.

Cause and effect may refer to:

• Cause and effect, the philosophical concept of causality
• Cause and effect, a central concept of Buddhism; see Karma in Buddhism
• Cause and effect, the statistical concept and test, see Granger cause
• Cause and effect, the graphical method in quality control engineering, see Ishikawa diagram

A character is a person in a narrative work of arts (such as a novel, play, television show/series, or film).^[1] Derived from the ancient Greek word kharaktêr, the English word dates from the Restoration,^[2] although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749.^[3][4] From this, the sense of "a part played by an actor" developed.^[4] Character, particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema, involves "the illusion of being a human person."^[5] In literature, characters guide readers through their stories, helping them to understand plots and ponder themes.^[6] Since the end of the 18th century, the phrase "in character" has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor.^[4]Since the 19th century, the art of creating characters, as practised by actors or writers, has been called characterisation.^[4] 

haracterization or characterisation is the art of creating characters for a narrative,^[1] including the process of conveying information about them. It is a literary element and may be employed in dramatic works of art or everyday conversation. Characters may be presented by means of description, through their actions, speech, or thoughts.

In fiction, a foil is a character who contrasts with another character (usually the protagonist) in order to highlight particular qualities of the other character.^[2][3][4] A foil usually either differs drastically or is extremely similar but with a key difference setting them apart. The concept of a foil is also more widely applied to any comparison that is made to contrast a difference between two things.^[5] Thomas F. Gieryn places these uses of literary foils into three categories which Tamara Antoine and Pauline Metze explain as: those that emphasize the heightened contrast (this is different because ...), those that operate by exclusion (this is not X because...), and those that assign blame ("due to the slow decision-making procedures of government...").^[6]

• Chorus (magazine), a Japanese manga magazine.
• Chorus (Erasure album), an album by English musical duo Erasure
• "Chorus" (Erasure song), a single from above mentioned album
• Chorus (Flying Saucer Attack album), an album by the band Flying Saucer Attack
• Chorus (Eberhard Weber album), an album by jazz composer Eberhard Weber
• Chorus (1974 film), a film directed by Mrinal Sen
• The Chorus (1982 film)
• The Chorus (2004 film), the US title for the movie Les Choristes

Chronology (from Latin chronologia, from Ancient Greek χρόνος, chronos, "time"; and -λογία, -logia) is the science of arranging events in their order of occurrence in time, such as the use of a timeline or sequence of events. It is also "the determination of the actual temporal sequence of past events".^[2]

Chronology is part of periodization. It is also part of the discipline of history, including earth history, the earth sciences, and study of thegeologic time scale (see Prehistoric chronologies below).

A cliché or cliche (UK /ˈkliːʃeɪ/ or US /klɪˈʃeɪ/) is an expression, idea, or element of an artistic work which has become overused to the point of losing its original meaning, or effect, and even, to the point of being trite or irritating, especially when at some earlier time it was considered meaningful or novel.^[1]

In writing, there are patterns of organization as to how a writer will "grab" the reader to lead her to the end of an idea. One type is "climactic order", in which the most important idea is saved for last. So, the writer starts a segment with the least important set of ideas or facts and continues to the end-the climax.

The climax (from the Greek word “κλῖμαξ” (klimax) meaning “staircase” and “ladder”) or turning point of a narrative work is its point of highest tension or drama or when the action starts in which the solution is given.^[1][2] Climax is a literary element.

A colloquialism is a word, phrase or paralanguage that is employed in conversational or informal language but not in formal speech or formal writing.^[1] Dictionaries often display colloquial words and phrases with the abbreviation colloq. as an identifier. Colloquialisms are sometimes referred to collectively as "colloquial language".^[2] A colloquial name is a word or term used for identification that is employed in conversational or informal language but not in formal speech or formal writing.

colloquial language, especially in philosophy of language, is natural language which, among other properties, uses colloquialisms. In the field of logical atomism, meaning is evaluated differently than with more formal propositions.

Comedy (from the Greek: κωμῳδία, kōmōidía), in the contemporary meaning of the term, is any discourse or work generally intended to be humorous or to amuse by inducing laughter, especially in theatre, television, film and stand-up comedy. This sense of the term must be carefully distinguished from its academic one, namely the comic theatre, whose Western origins are found in Ancient Greece. In theAthenian democracy, the public opinion of voters was influenced by the political satire performed by the comic poets at the theaters.^[1]The theatrical genre can be simply described as a dramatic performance which pits two societies against each other in an amusing agonor conflict. Northrop Frye famously depicted these two opposing sides as a "Society of Youth" and a "Society of the Old",^[2] but thisdichotomy is seldom described as an entirely satisfactory explanation. A later view characterizes the essential agon of comedy as a struggle between a relatively powerless youth and the societal conventions that pose obstacles to his hopes. In this struggle, the youth is understood to be constrained by his lack of social authority, and is left with little choice but to take recourse in ruses which engender very dramatic irony which provokes laughter.^[3]

Comic relief is the inclusion of a humorous character, scene or witty dialogue in an otherwise serious work, often to relieve tension.

Comparison and contrast are ways of looking at objects and thinking about how they are alike and different.

For instance, all of these items are alike because they are kinds of food, but there are many ways that they are different. For instance, they belong to different food groups. Some must be cooked before eating, and some can be eaten raw. 

When you write comparison and contrast, you will pay attention to these kinds of details.

Language[edit source | editbeta]

• Comparison (grammar), the modification of adjectives and adverbs to express relative degree
• Mass comparison, a test for the relatedness of languages

Mathematics[edit source | editbeta]

• Comparison (mathematics), notation for comparing variable values
• Comparison of topologies, the comparison of topology structures
• Multiple comparisons, a procedure of statistics

Computer science[edit source | editbeta]

• File comparison, the automatic comparison of file data by a computer program
• Comparison (computer programming), code that makes decisions and selects alternatives based on them
• Comparison sort, a type of data sort algorithm

Psychology[edit source | editbeta]

• Pairwise comparison, a test of psychology
• Social comparison theory, a branch of social psychology

Other[edit source | editbeta]

• Comparison microscope
• Price comparison service, an Internet service
• Cross-cultural studies, which involve cross-cultural comparisons
• Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education

See also[edit source | editbeta]

• Comparability, a mathematical definition
• Comparator (disambiguation)
• Comparative (disambiguation)

• Conflict (1936 film), a boxing film starring John Wayne
• Conflict (1945 film), a suspense film starring Humphrey Bogart
• Judith (1966 film) or Conflict, a film starring Sophia Loren
• Samar (film) or Conflict, a 1999 Indian film by Shyam Benegal
• Conflict (TV series), a 1956 American television series
• Conflict (1978 TV series), a TVB television series

A connotation is a commonly understood cultural or emotional association that some word or phrase carries, in addition to the word's or phrase's explicit or literal meaning, which is its denotation.

A connotation is frequently described as either positive or negative, with regards to its pleasing or displeasing emotional connection. For example, a stubborn person may be described as being either strong-willed or pig-headed; although these have the same literal meaning (stubborn), strong-willed connotes admiration for the level of someone's will (a positive connotation), while pig-headed connotes frustration in dealing with someone (a negative connotation).

• Contrast (vision), the difference in color and light between parts of an image
• Contrast (form), vertical, horizontal, concave, convex, geometric, organic, soft, hard, coarse, smooth etc.
• Contrast (linguistics), expressing distinctions between words
• Contrast (statistics), a combination of averages whose coefficients add up to zero, or the difference between two means
• Contrast (literary), describing the difference(s) between two or more entities
• Negative (positive) contrast effect, a phenomenon studied in psy

A couplet is a pair of lines of meter in poetry. It usually consists of two lines that rhyme and have the same meter

Dramatic structure is the structure of a dramatic work such as a play or film. Many scholars have analyzed dramatic structure, beginning with Aristotle in his Poetics (c. 335 BC). This article focuses primarily on Gustav Freytag's analysis of ancient Greek and Shakespearean drama.

The descriptive essay is a genre of essay that asks the student to describe something—object, person, place, experience, emotion, situation, etc. This genre encourages the student’s ability to create a written account of a particular experience. What is more, this genre allows for a great deal of artistic freedom (the goal of which is to paint an image that is vivid and moving in the mind of the reader).

One might benefit from keeping in mind this simple maxim: If the reader is unable to clearly form an impression of the thing that you are describing, try, try again!

Here are some guidelines for writing a descriptive essay.

he term dialect (from the ancient Greek word διάλεκτος diálektos, "discourse", from διά diá, "through" + λέγω legō, "I speak") is used in two distinct ways, even by linguists. One usage refers to a variety of a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers.^[1] The term is applied most often to regional speech patterns, but a dialect may also be defined by other factors, such as social class.^[2] A dialect that is associated with a particular social class can be termed a sociolect, a dialect that is associated with a particular ethnic group can be termed as ethnolect, and a regional dialect may be termed a regiolect or topolect. The other usage refers to a language that is socially subordinate to a regional or national standard language, often historically cognate to the standard, but not a variety of it or in any other sense derived from it.^{[citation needed]}

Dialogue (sometimes spelled dialog in American English^[1]) is a literary and theatrical form consisting of a written or spokenconversational exchange between two or more ("dia" means through or across) people. Its chief historical origins as narrative,philosophical or didactic device are to be found in classical Greek and Indian literature, in particular in the ancient art ofrhetoric.

A diary is a record (originally in handwritten format) with discrete entries arranged by date reporting on what has happened over the course of a day or other period. A personal diary may include a person's experiences, and/or thoughts or feelings, including comment on current events outside the writer's direct experience. Someone who keeps a diary is known as a diarist. Diaries undertaken for institutional purposes play a role in many aspects of human civilization, including government records (e.g., Hansard), business ledgersand military records. In British English the word may also denote a preprinted journal format.

Diction, pronounced (dic-shun) (Latin: dictionem (nom. dictio) "a saying, expression, word"),^[1] in its original, primary meaning, refers to the writer's or the speaker's distinctive vocabulary choices and style of expression in a poem or story.^[2][3] A secondary, common meaning of "diction" means the distinctiveness of speech,^[3][4][5] the art of speaking so that each word is clearly heard and understood to its fullest complexity and extremity, and concerns pronunciation and tone, rather than word choice and style. This secondary sense is more precisely and commonly expressed with the term enunciation, or with its synonym articulation.^[6]

Didacticism is a philosophy that emphasizes instructional and informative qualities in literature and other types of art. The term has its origin in the Ancient Greek word διδακτικός (didaktikos), "related to education and teaching", and signified learning in a fascinating and intriguing manner.

Didactic art was meant both to entertain and to instruct. Didactic plays, for instance, were intended to convey a moral theme or other rich truth to the audience. An example of didactic writing is Alexander Pope's An Essay on Criticism (1711), which offers a range of advice about critics and criticism. An example of didactism in music is the chant Ut queant laxis, which was used by Guido of Arezzo to teach solfege syllables.

A dilemma (Greek: δί-λημμα "double proposition") is a problem offering two possibilities, neither of which is practically acceptable. One in this position has been traditionally described as "being on the horns of a dilemma", neither horn being comfortable. This is sometimes more colorfully described as "Finding oneself impaled upon the horns of a dilemma", referring to the sharp points of a bull's horns, equally uncomfortable (and dangerous).

Nintendo Direct (ニンテンドーダイレクト Nintendō Dairekuto^?) is an online presentation produced approximately monthly byNintendo, where information regarding Nintendo content or Nintendo franchises is presented, such as information about games and consoles.^[1] There are different presenters depending on the region in which it airs. In Japan, Nintendo Direct is presented by Nintendo global president Satoru Iwata.^[2] In North America and Europe however, it is presented by the president of Nintendo of America, Reggie Fils-Aime,^[3] and the president of Nintendo of Europe, Satoru Shibata,^[4] respectively. South Korea also airs its own exclusive Nintendo Directs hosted by Nintendo of Korea president, Hiroyuki Fukuda.^[5] Although each region has its own presenter, on several occasions Iwata has presented for several continents for international Nintendo Directs. The presentations began in Japan with its first edition on October 21, 2011, spreading to Europe, Australia, the Americas, and South Korea later on.

Dissonance has several meanings, all related to conflict or incongruity:

• Consonance and dissonance in music are properties of an interval or chord (the quality of a discord)
• Cognitive dissonance is a state of mental conflict
• Dissonance in poetry is the deliberate avoidance of assonance, i.e. patterns of repeated vowel sounds. Dissonance in poetry is similar to cacophony and the opposite of euphony.
• Dissonance (album), a 2009 album by Enuff Z'Nuff
• Cultural dissonance is an uncomfortable sense experienced by people in the midst of change in their cultural environment.

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance.^[1] The term comes from a Greek word meaning "action" (Classical Greek:δρᾶμα, drama), which is derived from the verb meaning "to do" or "to act" (Classical Greek: δράω, draō). The enactment of drama in theatre, performed by actors on a stage before an audience, presupposes collaborative modes of production and a collective form of reception. Thestructure of dramatic texts, unlike other forms of literature, is directly influenced by this collaborative production and collective reception.^[2] Theearly modern tragedy Hamlet (1601) by Shakespeare and the classical Athenian tragedy Oedipus the King (c. 429 BCE) by Sophocles are among the masterpieces of the art of drama.^[3] A modern example is Long Day's Journey into Night by Eugene O’Neill (1956).^[4]

irony that is inherent in speeches or a situation of a drama and is understood by the audience but notgrasped by the characters in the playIrony (from the Ancient Greek εἰρωνεία eirōneía, meaning dissimulation or feigned ignorance),^[1] in its broadest sense, is a rhetorical device,literary technique, or event characterized by an incongruity, or contrast, between reality (what is) and appearance (what seems to be). The term may be further defined into several categories, among which are: verbal, dramatic, and situational.

One of the most important influences on the development of the dramatic monologue is the Romantic poets. The long, personal lyrics typical of the Romantic period are not dramatic monologues, in the sense that they do not, for the most part, imply a concentrated narrative. However, poems such as William Wordsworth's Tintern Abbey and Percy Bysshe Shelley's Mont Blanc, to name two famous examples, offered a model of close psychological observation and philosophical or pseudo-philosophical inquiry described in a specific setting.

The novel and plays have also been important influences on the dramatic monologue, particularly as a means of characterisation. Dramatic monologues are a way of expressing the views of a character and offering the audience greater insight into that character's feelings. Dramatic monologues can also be used in novels to tell stories, as in Mary Shelley'sFrankenstein, and to implicate the audience in moral judgments, as in Albert Camus' The Fall and Mohsin Hamid's The Reluctant Fundamentalist.

Monologues are also linked with soliliquys- Such as in Macbeth, when Lady Macbeth reads a letter to herself and then speaks her thoughts as though she is thinking.

Dramatic form is the overall style the drama is presented in e.g. Play, musical, pantomime, melodrama, situation comedy, dance drama.