Term
| Authentic Leadership Theory |
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Definition
| Effective leaders are true to themselves and others, have positive psychological states, and adhere to strong morals and values. |
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| Categorizes members commitment into 3 levels: membership (low), performance (moderate) involvement (high) |
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| constructive transaction between leader and follower. this formulates a "contract" where the leader sets goals, identifies ways to reach goals, supports follower in meeting expectation. when fulfills leaders expectations a reward is given to reinforce the demonstrated positive behavior. |
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| Theory matches specific leaders to particular situations in order to achieve the most success. this theory suggest that leaders cannot change their behaviors. |
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| Refers to the performance of an activity in order to attain an outcome. it initiates from outside of the individual. common extrinsic motivations are rewards for showing desired behavior or threats of punishment following misbehavior. |
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Term
| Full Range Leadership Process Model |
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Definition
| Improves leadership effectiveness by applying the right leadership behavior to a particular follower and situation that produces the generates outcomes. |
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| Otherwise know as charisma, transformational leaders often display high levels of moral behavior, virtues, and character strengths as well as strong work ethic. Also represent the organizational values, beliefs, purpose in words and actions. |
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| Individualized Consideration |
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Definition
| Leaders treat others as individuals with different needs, abilities, and aspirations and not just a part of a group of subordinates. |
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| Involves developing and articulating visions that paint an optimistic and enthusiastic picture of the future that is appealing and inspiring to followers. |
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| This is the degree a leader values their subordinates' rationality and intellect, seeking different perspectives and considering opposing points of view. |
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| View the development of their subordinates as someone else's problem and demonstrate laziness. they abandon or pass on their responsibilities, fail to respond urgently to critical situations, remain indifferent toward important issues and are hesitant to make decisions or deal with chronic problems. |
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Term
| Leadership-Membership Exchange (LMX) Theory |
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Definition
| Emphasized that leaders must develop specialized relationships with each of their followers instead of treating all of their followers the same way. |
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Term
| Management by Exception-Passive |
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Definition
| If it isn't broke, don't fix it leadership approach. One elects to sit back and wait for things to go wrong before taking action and intervenes only if standards are not being met based on in place control measures and standards. |
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Term
| Management by Exception- Active |
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Definition
| This leadership behavior keeps people and processes in control, monitoring and controlling followers through forced compliance with rules & regs. and expectations for meeting performance standards and behavior norms. A structured system with detailed instructions, carful observations and active supervision. |
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| This theory argues that for a reward to be appropriate, accepted, and effective it must fulfill a members needs. |
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| When a leader removes something valued by the follower after they have demonstrated and undesirable or unacceptable behavior. |
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| The removal of unpleasant, unfavorable actions or events the follower is currently experiencing that occurs after they have displayed a desirable behavior. |
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Term
| Operant Conditioning theory |
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Definition
-Believed that one's internal thoughts and motivations could not be validated to explain their behavior.
-Suggested that only external observable influences lead to one's behavior.
-Considers a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior.
-Conditioning associates a specific behavior and a consequence for that behavior. |
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Definition
-Once the leader assesses their followers and the situation, leaders choose one of four behaviors: supportive, directive, participative or achievement-oriented to lead their followers to success
-Relies on behaviors that can be studied or taught. |
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| Occurs when the leader applies or presents an unfavorable action or result to a follower who has demonstrated undesirable behavior. |
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| Involves favorable actions, results, or outcomes that a leader presents to a follower after the follower demonstrates a desired behavior. |
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Definition
-This theory assumes the world can be a hostile, unpredictable and unforgiving place. Followers look for leaders who can make sense of such a turbulent conditions and crisis situation.
-This is a personality based approach to leadership study that argues that followers and leaders are drawn to their roles, and achieve success in those roles by virtue of personality type, overcoming personal challenges and organizational crisis in their own lives and sharing their lessons learned with their followers. |
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Definition
-This theory focuses on leaders who are emotionally intelligent and can successfully solve problems. Emotional intelligence centers on emotional awareness and control one has of their emotions and how this impacts their leadership effectiveness.
-Argues that skill and knowledge are involved when properly managing and dealing with emotion. |
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| Referred to as "the great man theory" one's leadership effectiveness was said to be influenced by their intelligence, self confidence, determination, integrity and sociability. |
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| This theory concentrates on 2 types of leadership: task or production oriented leadership which focuses on initiating structures and paths for followers to preform effectively and people or relationship-oriented leadership witch considers fostering good relationships between the leader and followers. |
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Term
| Transformational Leadership |
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Definition
-Offers followers a vision and inspires them to complete their mission.
-Most active and effective form of leadership
-Promote positive and meaningful changes in people, teams, organizations ect.
-Motivating their followers and developing them with individual consideration, intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation, and idealized influence. |
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