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| First long paved road in America. Not funded by PA state - Built by the Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike Road Company |
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| Passed in 1820. Western territories were all to be anti-slave states (when made into states) expect for the area to become the state of Missouri. |
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France was seizing American shipping boats to England and President John Adams sent three delegates (Pickney, Marshall, and Gerry) over to negotiate recompense. The 3 French delegates (Hottinguer, Bellamy, and Hauteval - renamed X,Y, and Z by American Govt.) demanded a personal Bribe, a loan to fund the French war on America, and a formal appology from Pres. Adams before they would allow the American delegates to begin diplomatic negotiations...
Big insult to America. |
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| Report on Public Credit 1790 |
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| 1st of 3 reports by Alexander Hamilton as US Treasury Secretary. Suggested plan for Fed. to assume State Debts and to pay off the war debts owed to foreign countries. |
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| 85 Articles advocating the ratification of the US constitution. Written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and Jay Johnson. Highly influential exposition on the purpose of the new US constitution. |
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AKA Large State plan or (Edmund) Randolph Plan (sponsor) - was drafted by JAMES MADISON.
Overhaul to the Articles of Confederacy with 15 resolutions.
3 Govt. branches - Executive. Legislative. Judiciary.
2 Legislative chambers (house and senate) with votes equaling size of state population (proportional representation). |
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| Bank of the United States |
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| Proposed by Alexander Hamilton (Sect. of Treasury) in FIRST CONGRESS 1790. Chartered by the US FED GOVT. for 20 yrs to handle central govt. needs. Expired in Pres. Madison's tenure (1811) - failed because states lack of proper (or any) use. |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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| Ratified in 1781 it was the governing constitution of the 13 colonies recently turned USA. States retained near total sovereignty. Adopted by 2ND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS. VA was first to ratify in 1777 - MD was last in 1781. |
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| United States Constitution |
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| Replaced Articles of Confederacy in 1787. Established a 3 branch system. Established a stronger FED GOVT. unifying the new USA. Created in the name of "the People". Created by a compromise between the Virginia and New Jersey plans at the Philadelphia Convention (known as the Great Compromise). Federalists sparked the convention because the felt the Articles of Confederacy lacked unifying strength in the Federal Govt. |
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4 bills passed 1798 by Federalists in the US Congress and passed by Pres. John Adams. Republicans found them unconstitutional and it fueled the separation of the two parties.
Naturalization Act required residency of 14 yrs.
Alien Friends Act allowed President the authority to deport any resident alien he thought could be a threat.
Alien Enemies Act authorized president to apprehend and deport resident aliens whose home country was at war with US - it is still an active Act.
SEDITION ACT made it a crime to write negatively about the govt. |
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| Second Continental Congress |
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| 13 colonies in 1775 met just after the 1st congress. Managed the Revolutionary war. US DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. George Washington placed as General of Army. |
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| 1st amendments to the US Constitution - a list of 10 amendments. Discussed personal rights of "the people" and the states. Written by James Madison (edited by state delegates). |
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| Northwest Ordinance, 1787 |
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| Created the Northwest Territory. Set ground rules for statehood. Determined NW Territories would be non-slave (FREE) states/territories. North and West of Ohio River - East of Mississippi. |
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| VA and KY Resolutions 1798 |
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| Written (secretly) by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison to oppose the Alien and Sedition Acts. Claimed that the FED could not assume powers not specifically given it without states' consent. Opposed the Jay Treaty. |
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| Created by Jefferson and Madison in opposition to Hamilton's Bank of US and other ideals. Grew in power with opposition to the Sedition and Alien Acts. For state rights, people's rights, smaller Navy (and army), and anti-FED Govt. with a financial hold over the union (thus the opposition to the bank of US). |
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| Originally the Democratic-Republicans (ako Republicans) which split into two groups - one was the Democrats. |
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| Originally the Democratic-Republicans (ako Republicans) which split into two groups - one was the Whigs. Borrowed name from American revolutionists .Pro-state govt. Anti Executive powers (against Pres. Andrew Jackson)and pro-economics (the American System) - For 2nd Bank of US and internal improvement (roads, buildings, etc) |
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| Thomas Jefferson ran as the presidential candidate for the Republicans against Federalist John Adams. He came in second and became VP to Pres. Adams. 1st true bi-partisan electoral race. Pro-state govt. Anti Executive powers (against Pres. Andrew Jackson)and pro-economics (the American System) - see 2nd Bank of US. |
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| John Adams a principle author - it was given in the state of the union speech by Pres. James Madison as a US moral opposition to colonialism. Declared that continued attempts by Europe to colonize America would be viewed as opposition to US. US would stay out of Europe and Europe would need to stay out of US. Stopped alliance with British against France and Spain efforts and stemmed from concern of Russia and Mexico attempts to move into West territory. Also defines Washington as central to foreign policy for US. |
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| This was the compromised plan that merged the New Jersey and Virginian plans into the current practice of govt. |
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| Created in response to the Elections of 1796 and 1800 (mostly 1800) it altered the form of selecting a president and V.P. The old system could cause more than one candidate from the same political party to be tied in electoral votes and also had Pres. and V.P. as opponents working together (not good - think Bush-Gore 2000...) and also encouraged VP to want the Pres. dead so that he could take over the office. |
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| Democracy vs. Republicanism |
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| A way of using Factory machines to replace skilled workers as a result of the Industrial revolution. |
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| The election where VP Thomas Jefferson defeated Pres. John Adams and shifted to power the Democratic-Republican party and beginning the demise of the Federalist party. A tie was reached within the party between candidate Jefferson and candidate Aaron Burr. It caused a deadlock in the House until Alexander Hamilton helped Jefferson to win the Presidency - caused the 12 amendment to keep inter-party (or any ties) from repeating. |
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| Created by Alexander Hamilton originally of supporters of his policies while Secretary of US Treasury. Held majorities in the House, Senate, and Executive offices almost every year from Washington (1788) to 1800 (rise of Jefferson). Known for supporting a strong national government and fiscal support to that central govt. |
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| Led by Virginian Patrick Henry they were worried that that empowering the National government may elevate the presidency to a monarchy. They created a movement of speeches and articles (like the Federalist papers) in opposition to Federalism. |
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| St. Louis, MO Fur Company |
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| Alexander Hamilton initiated a tax on whiskey to help pay for the newly assumed national debt. The Western Whiskey makers and drinkers lost all profit margins and felt oppressed. Westerners started making it difficult for tax collectors and displaying violent demonstrations. Washington and Hamilton organized a militia to go out and enforce the tax. They didn't want another Shay's rebellion. The rebellion had disbanded by the time they arrived in western Pennsylvania. |
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| The final battle of the NW Indian War. Indians vs US for the NW territory (1794). Shawnee chief Blue Jacket and his allies in the Western Lakes Confederacy fought against Mad Anthony Wayne and his new army. US won decisively. Led to treaty of Greenville. |
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| Ended the NW Indian War. Indians ceded most of Ohio to the US for $20,000 worth of goods. Tecumseh did not sign the treaty. |
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| Settled boundary lines between US and Spain in America. US gained Florida and Gulf of Mexico coast. US territory along the Sabine River, through the Rocky Mtns and to the Pacific Ocean and N to Canada in exchange for $5,000,000. |
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| John Quincy Adams was elected president as decided by the House of Representatives. Ran against Jackson, Henry Clay, and William Crawford - there was no majority winner so the vote moved the the House. Adams would start the Whig movement and Jackson the Democrats. |
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| Rematch between Jackson and J Q Adams for presidency. Jackson was running against the corruption he felt was evident from J Q Adams' win in the previous election and he won easily. A lot of mudslinging including making a mix up in Jackson's marriage legalities into a scandal - Rachel Jackson reportedly died as a result of the stress from the campaign fighting. |
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| Whig party ran 4 candidates with the intention of Collecting enough popular vote over Democrat Van Buren (Jackson's VP). The tie between the 4 Whigs would go to House vote. However, Van Buren won the Election. |
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| Whigs sent (northerner) William Harrison (with Southerner VP candidate John Tyler) to beat Pres. Van Buren. Van Buren had lost popularity in the economic "Panic of 1837" and was easy to beat. Harrison died 1 month after becoming president. |
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| Caused by too much land speculation. NYC banks stopped payment in specie (gold or silver coinage). Specie was in use because Pres. Jackson forced its use in policy and refused to renew charter of the 2nd Bank of the US. The result was a large inflation on paper money. 5 year depression followed beginning at Van Burren's 1st yr as Pres. |
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| 1794 this treaty averted war between US and Britain and opened peaceful trade between them. British were to withdraw from posts in the NW Territory, Territory lines between Canada and US were set, Compensation was paid by Britain to US merchants, and US guaranteed American revolution debts to British merchants. |
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| Cherokee Cases/Marshall Trilogy |
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AKA - Small state plan or (William) Paterson Plan
Wanted each state to be allowed 2-7 congressmen
Each state could only have 1 vote.
Basically 3 presidents (1 year terms) |
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