Term
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Definition
Week 5
Prosencephalon: 1-Telencephalon 2-Diencephalon
3-Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon: 4-Metencephalon 5-Myelencephalon
3 Flexures: mesencephalic, cervical, and pontine |
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Term
| Neural Tube proliferation |
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Definition
-Pseudostratified epithelium
-Cells migrate toward lumen to undergo mitosis |
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Term
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Definition
-Includes growth cones that become axons and dendrites.
-Filopodia feel their way around via chemoattraction and chemorepulsion |
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Term
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Definition
-Central Canal
-Ventricular zone- ependymal, where mitosis takes place
-Mantle/Intermediate-cell bodies, gray matter
-Marginal zone- axons, white matter |
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Term
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Definition
| -Develops the pons and cerebellum |
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Term
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Definition
| -Develops the medula oblongata-basic life support |
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Term
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Definition
-Mostly white matter
-becomes the cerebral aqueduct
-blockage can result in hydrocephalus |
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Term
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Definition
| -Results in the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland |
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Term
| Formation of pituitary gland |
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Definition
-diverticulum called the infundibulum develops
-ectoderm swells and forms Rathke's Pouch which becomes the adenohypophysis |
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Term
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Definition
-NCC form spinal ganglia
-Interneurons connect sensory and motor neurons to form a reflex arc |
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Term
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Definition
-Complete constipation of newborns
-lack of NCCs in lower colon resulting in no parasympathetic innervation |
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Term
| Clinical problems with the eye |
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Definition
1-floaters- due to crystalized aqueous humor
2-Bright flashes/pepper spots- retina issues
3- Glaucoma- blockage Schlemms canal |
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Term
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Definition
Arch-mesenchyme
Pouch- on the inside
Cleft- on the outside
each on has it's own artery and cranial nerve |
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Term
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Definition
-Mandibular arch
Aortic arch:maxillary artery
Cranial Nerve: Trigeminal
Examples of muscles: chewing muscles, tensor tympani, mylohyoid, ant belly of digastric
Skeletal derivatives: malleous, incus, sphenomandibular ligament, meckels cartilage, tympanic ring |
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Term
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Definition
Aortic Arch: internal carotid artery
Cranial Nerve: glossopharyngeal
Muscle:stylopharyngeus
Skeletal: Greater horn of hyoid, part of body of hyoid |
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Term
| What genes regulate the patterning of the pharyngeal arches? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Cleft 1- external auditory meatus
Cleft 2- covers the others, lead to the cervical sinus |
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Term
| Derivatives of pharyngeal pouches |
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Definition
Pouch 1-auditory tube and middle ear cavity
Pouch 2- Palatine tonsils
Pouch 3/4- Thyroid/thymus |
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Term
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Definition
-4th week as an expansion of the foregut
-Lives causes stomach to rotate 90* |
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Term
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Definition
270* total rotation
-large part of the intestine is outside the body for a while |
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Term
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Definition
-persistant vitelline duct
-more common in males
-1-5 cm diverticulum in the intestine |
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Term
| Respiratory Development Start |
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Definition
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Term
| 5 parts to respiratory development |
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Definition
Embryonic-Lung buds invade mesoderm
Pseudoglandular-vasculogenesis
Canalicular-resp. differentiation, some gas exchange
Saccular-primitive alveoli and some surfactant
Alveolar-secondary septation |
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Term
Mesenchyme in branching of the lungs
-Molecular aspects |
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Definition
tracheal inhibits branching
bronchial promotes branching
fgf10 promotes growth
bmp4 inhibits fgf10 |
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Term
| 3 Regions of the Urinary system |
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Definition
Pronephros- amphibians
Mesonephros- fish
Metanephros- man |
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Term
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Definition
segmentally arranged cords
anterior intermediate mesoderm
degenerates early |
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Term
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Definition
-duct extends towards capillaries and becomes tubule
-tubule stimulates metanephros (uteretic duct)
-becomes wolffian ducts in males |
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Term
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Definition
| In W5-6 branches and becomes the collecting duct system |
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Term
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Definition
-Ascent begins during W6-9
-Right one doesn't go as high
-If they don't leave the result is a pelvic kidney |
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Term
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Definition
-Urorectal septum separates the urogenital sinus from the anorectal canal.
-base of allantois becomes bladder |
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Term
| Anatomy of the sexually indifferent duct system |
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Definition
Mesonephric ducts- woffian ducts in male
Paramesonephric ducts- mullerian, cranial portion open |
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Term
| Male duct differentiation |
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Definition
Sertoli cells secrete AMH and paramesonephric ducts degenerate
Testosterone stimules the woffian ducts to develop, eventually into the ductus deferens |
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Term
| Male accessory gland formation |
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Definition
Seminal vesicle-outgrowth of ductus deferens
Prostate/bulbourethral gland- outgrowth of urogenital sinus |
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Term
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Definition
-Release from the area near diaphragm ( cranial suspensory ligament)
-transabdominal descent
-transinguinal descent |
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Term
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Definition
-Influenced by DHT
Genital tubercle->penis
Genital swellings->scrotum
Genital folds->urogenital sinus |
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Term
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Definition
Mullerian ducts contact urogentical sinus
-endoderm forms uterovaginal plate |
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Term
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Definition
Ovaries descend laterally and caudally.
-suspended by two ligaments: diaphragmatic and inguinal |
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Term
| Female external genitalia |
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Definition
Genital tubercle->clitoris
Genital folds->labia minora
Genital swellings->labia majora
Cranial urogenital sinus-->urethra |
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Term
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Definition
-Specialized extra cellular matrix
-Between the endocardium and the myocardium |
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Term
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Definition
Bulbus cordis-becomes right ventricle, loops down, right and ventrally.
Primitive atria loop up and back. |
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Term
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Definition
-Achieved through endocardial cushions
-Septum primum comes down and separates atria, the foramen primum closes.
-Septum secundum comes down and leaves foramen ovale |
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Term
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Definition
-muscular growth from the inferior ventricle
-leaves the interventricular foramen |
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Term
| Cardiac Outflow septation |
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Definition
-Ascending aorta and pulmonar artery spiral around each other
-They fuse with the inferior endocardial cushion and interventricular septum to separate left and right ventricles |
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Term
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Definition
atrial septum defects- usually not a big deal
ventricle septum defects- right vent. hypertrophy, cyanosis
patent ductus arteriosus- initially not a problem, eventually causes hypertension and heart failure. |
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Term
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Definition
Starts at week 8
- all organ systems are present, but only a few are funtional, i.e. circulatory |
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Term
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Definition
-Meconium-green mixture of cells, hair, and secretions
-Peristalsis at W4 |
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Term
| Fetal Circulatory changes |
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Definition
-placental blood flow stops when umbilical cord is cut
-pulmonary vessels open w/first few breaths
-ductus arteriosus closes with increased O2
-foramen ovale closes |
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