Term
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Definition
-Caused when PGC's rest in exragonadal sites
-Pluripotent, not totipotent
-Most common tumor in newborns |
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Term
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Definition
1-PGC's migrate from yolk sac to gonads
2-Cells increase by mitosis
3-Reduction of chromosomes by meiosis
4-maturation of sperm or eggs |
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Term
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Definition
Primordial Germ Cells
-migrate from yolk sac to gut tube, then to mesentery of the dorsal body wall
-Cause the tissue to swell and become gonadal ridges
-Must have support cells |
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Term
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Definition
-Doesn't occur in males until puberty
-Females start meiosis in utero, but arrest in metaphase I until puberty |
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Term
Spermatogenesis
Spermiogenesis
Spermatocytogenesis
Spermiation |
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Definition
Spermatogenesis-the whole process
Spermiogenesis- spermatids turn into mature sperm
Spermatocytogenesis-stem cells divide, replace themselves, and provide lineage for mature sperm
Spermiation-release of mature sperm into the lumen of seminiferous tubules |
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Term
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Definition
-Head takes shape
-Golgi becomes the acrosome
-flagella is created
-mitochondria gather |
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Term
| Hormonal control in males |
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Definition
| GnRh--> LH/FSH--> LH: Leydig Cells secrete testosterone, FSH: Sertoli Cells secrete ABP. ABP binds to testosterone and affects spermiogenesis |
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Term
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Definition
Starts 5 months after conception, stops in 1st meiotic div. Continues at puberty, stops in 2nd meiotic div
-Primordial, Primary, Secondary, Mature follicles. |
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Term
| 5 steps of sperm transport |
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Definition
1-passive transport to the epididymis
2-maturation in the epididymis
3-rapid transport through vas deferens
4-addition of fluid from seminal vescicle
5-addition of prostatic fluid |
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Term
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Definition
-Loss of glycoprotein coat
-allows acrosomal rxn
-allows binding to zona pellucida
-gives directionality |
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Term
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Definition
-acrosome breaks down cumulus cells via hyaluronidase
-sperm bind to ZP3
-acrosomal cap opens up and releases enzymes that break down zona pellucida |
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Term
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Definition
| -Pronuclei fuse in a process called amphimixix |
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Term
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Definition
| preimplantation genetic diagnosis-check the genetics with a polar body or blastomere |
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Term
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Definition
-6 day period of rapid mitotic division. cells are called blastomeres.
-morula=16 cell stage |
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Term
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Definition
-outer cells form trophoblast (compaction), inner cells form inner cell mass
-Cavitation:increase in osmolarity causes influx of H2O |
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Term
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Definition
Fraternal- 2 separate zygotes
Identical/monozygotic- one zygote that splits |
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Term
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Definition
Pagus= joined
cephalo=head
para=side
pygo=rump
thoraco=thorax |
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Term
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Definition
-Happens around days 7-9
-attachment: integrins attach to uterine epithelium
-penetration: syncytiotrophoblast creates syncytium |
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Term
| Why mother doesn't reject fetus |
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Definition
-Physically separated
- fetus is antigenically immature
-mother's immune system is repressed |
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Term
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Definition
Hh is the ligand, Patched is the receptor, Smoothened is bound by Patch in the absence of Hh.
-involved in cell differentiation and separating tissue layers. |
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Term
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Definition
BMP is the ligand, 2 RTK receptors.
-involved in branching |
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Term
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Definition
Delta is the ligand, Notch is the receptor.
-cells must be right next to each other. |
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Term
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Definition
-Hypoblast=ventral
-Epiblast=dorsal |
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