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BYU ELang 430
Final Vocab
101
English
Undergraduate 4
06/06/2012

Additional English Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
ascender
Definition
the part of a lowercase letter that rises above the main body as in the letter b
Term
descender
Definition
the part of a lowercase letter that extends below the main body as in the letter p
Term
x-height
Definition
the height of the main body of lowercase letters excluding ascenders and descenders
Term
baseline
Definition
the invisible line on which type sits (excluding descenders)
Term
condensed type
Definition
type that is more slender or narrow than normal
Term
expanded type
Definition
type whose width is greater than normal (also called extended type)
Term
diacritic
Definition
a mark near or through a character or combination of characters indicating a phonetic value different from that given the unmarked or otherwise marked element
Term
display type
Definition
type set larger than the text, as in headings
Term
drop cap
Definition
a large or ornate letter at the beginning of a paragraph, also called an initial cap
Term
leaders
Definition
rows of dashes or dots (periods) to guide the eye across the page. Used in tabular work, programs, tables of contents, etc.
Term
leading
Definition
the distance between lines of type, measured in points
Term
old style figures
Definition
numerals with ascender and descenders that blend well with lowercase letters
Term
monospace type
Definition
a font whose characters each take up the same amount of space. That is, a period uses the same width of space as a capital W
Term
nonbreaking space
Definition
a word space that keeps two words together, preventing them from breaking onto two separate lines
Term
thick space
Definition
a small space (1/3 of an em) added between characters
Term
thin space
Definition
a very small space (1/5 of an em) added between characters
Term
serif/sans serif
Definition
serifs are the short cross-lines at the ends of the main strokes of many letters in roman typefaces. Sans serif refers to a font that has no serifs
Term
superscript/subscript
Definition
a small character written lower or higher than another one, such as a footnote number
Term
H&J
Definition
an abbreviation for hyphenation and justification, a stage in typesetting; also refers to a set of standards controlling hyphenation and justification
Term
proportional type
Definition
(opposite of monospace type) a font in which characters each take up a relative, or proportional, amount of space according to how wide they are. That is, a cap W takes up more space than a lowercase i
Term
point
Definition
a printer's unit of measurement used principally for specifying type sizes and leading. There are 12 points to a pica and approximately 72 points to an inch
Term
pica
Definition
printer's unit of measurement used principally in typesetting. A pica equals 12 points or approximately 1/6 of an inch
Term
soft hyphen/discretionary
Definition
a hypen that divides a word at the end of a line of type but dissapears if the word no longer falls at the end of a line
Term
folio
Definition
page number
Term
drop folio
Definition
page number printed at the center of the bottom of the page when other folios are printed elsewhere; often used on the first page of a chapter
Term
duotone
Definition
a two-color halftone reproduction from a one-color photograph
Term
ragged right/left
Definition
type that is justified on the left margin and ragged on the right or justified on the right and ragged on the left
Term
justified
Definition
lines spaced to line up uniformly on the left and right (opposite is ragged right or left composition)
Term
subheads
Definition
headings, or titles, for sections within a chapter or article. Subheads are usually set in type differing in some way from that of the text; for example in boldface, all caps, caps and small caps, or upper- and lowercase italic
Term
rule
Definition
typesetter term for a drawn line; a rule's thickness is measured in points as in a 3-point rule
Term
hairline rule
Definition
1/4-point stroke or line
Term
gutter
Definition
the blank space between page columns; also sometimes refers to the inner margin space between the printing area and the spine
Term
reverse out
Definition
to manupliate an image of type or a drawing so that it appears in white surrounded by a solid block of color or black
Term
running foot/head
Definition
text repeated at the bottom or top of each page
Term
runover line (runover text)
Definition
text that is longer than intended, running onto another line
Term
hanging indentation
Definition
when the first line of a paragraph hangs out to the left of the rest of the paragraph
Term
headline style
Definition
Chicago's style governing capitalization in titles that capitalizes most words
Term
recto/verso
Definition
the right/left hand page of a book
Term
thumbnail
Definition
the miniture rendition of a page or an image
Term
AP style
Definition
Associated Press style for writing and citations
Term
APA style
Definition
American Psychological Association style for writing and citations
Term
back matter
Definition
sections of a book that follow the main text section
Term
CIP data
Definition
cataloguing in publication data: the bibliographic record that appears printed on the copyright page
Term
dust jacket
Definition
a protective wrapping, usually made of paper, for a clothbound book; its flaps, which fold around the front and back covers, usually carry promotional copy
Term
front matter
Definition
sections of a book that precede the main text section
Term
ISBN
Definition
International Standard Book Number
Term
blanket
Definition
a rubber-surfaced fabric that is clamped around a cylinder, to which the image is transferred from the plate, and from which it is transferred to the paper in offset printing
Term
bleed
Definition
an extra amount of printed image that extends beyond the trim edge of the sheet or page
Term
dots-per-inch (dpi)
Definition
a measure of the resolution of a screen image or printed page
Term
camera-ready copy
Definition
artwork and text that are ready to be photographed for reproduction without further alteration
Term
print-ready file
Definition
a file that is ready to print for publication
Term
process colors
Definition
the subtractive primaries: yellow, magenta, cyan, plus black in four-color process printing. Referred to as CMYK
Term
CMYK
Definition
the subtractive colors used in color printing (cyan, magenta, yellow) plus black (k) added to enhance color and contrast
Term
spot-color printing
Definition
the reproduction of isolated graphic elements or display type in a single color using a premixed ink
Term
Pantone matching systems
Definition
a system for matching spot colors, used in specifying printing inks
Term
sheet-fed press
Definition
a printing press using paper in pre-cut sheet form
Term
web press
Definition
a press that prints on a roll of paper, either roll-to-roll, or with inline folding and cutting to form signatures
Term
signature
Definition
the name given to a printed sheet after it has been folded into proper page order
Term
specs
Definition
"specifications": a detailed description of a print order
Term
spine
Definition
the back of a bound book connecting the two covers
Term
saddle stitch
Definition
to bind a booklet or magazine by wiring it through the middle fold or spine of folded sheets
Term
perfect binding
Definition
binding the glues the edge of sheets to a wraparound cover
Term
case binding
Definition
a method of binding that encases a book in a rigid cover, or case. The gathered signatures can be sewn together or adhesive bound
Term
clothbound
Definition
bound with a rigid cover, usually cloth wrapped around boards; a form of case binding
Term
Smyth sewing
Definition
a method of sewing that involoves stitching the signatures individually through the fold before binding them; a Smyth-sewn book has the advantage of lying flat when open, unlike a side-sewn or perfect bound book
Term
coated paper
Definition
paper having a surface coating that produces a smooth finish
Term
color separation
Definition
the process of separating color originals into the primary printing color components for printing; today color separation is totally electronic
Term
trim size
Definition
the demensions, in inches, of a full page in a publication, including the margins
Term
two-up
Definition
having the printed image on the plate duplicated, so that two copies of the piece are printed at the same time; the terms three-up, four-up, and so forth are analogous
Term
digital printing
Definition
printing by plateless systems that are imaged directly from digital files, usually using lasers and toner; ink-jet systems
Term
continuous tone
Definition
an image that contains gradient tones from black to white, like a photograph
Term
halftone
Definition
the reproduction of continuous-tone images through a special screening process that converts the image into dots, ready for printing
Term
halftone screen
Definition
a grid used in the halftone process to break an image up into dots; the fineness of the screen is denoted in terms of lines per inch as in a 133-line screen
Term
impression cylinder
Definition
the cylinder on a printing press from which the paper picks up the impression from the inked plate; in offset printing, the impression cylinder is the blanket cylinder
Term
line art
Definition
copy for printing that contains only solid blacks and whites such as a pen-and-ink drawing
Term
moire
Definition
the undesirable screen pattern caused by incorrect screen angles for the halftones of printed colors
Term
offset printing
Definition
the process of using an intermediate blanket cylinder to transfer an image from printing plate to the paper
Term
out of register
Definition
when something is printed in incorrect relation to other impressions already printed on the same sheet, such as not aligning the cyan and magenta images correctly
Term
pixel
Definition
short for "picture element"; a pixel is the smallest unit of scanning and digital imaging
Term
plate
Definition
(1) an image-bearing surface that, when inked, will produce one whole page or several pages of printed matter at a time; (2) a printed illustration, usually of high quality and printed on special paper, tipped or bound into a publication, usually in a special section
Term
resolution
Definition
the ability of an input device to record, or an output device to reproduce the fine detail of an image
Term
print run
Definition
the number of copies printed at one time
Term
prepress
Definition
procedures, such as platemaking, that are performed by a printer prior to putting a publication on the press
Term
show-through
Definition
the undesirable condition in which the printing on the reverse side of a sheet can be seen through the sheet under normal lighting conditions
Term
PostScript
Definition
a page description language that describes a page-image for printing; it handles both text and graphics
Term
EPS file
Definition
an encapsulated PostScript file; a good way to save a bit-mapped file, which is a file of an image that has been scanned in
Term
PDF
Definition
portable document format; pdf is a universal electronic file format that is device and resolution independent, so that files in the pdf format can be viewed and printed from any computer to almost any printer
Term
HTML
Definition
the coded language that is used to create Hypertext documents for use on the web
Term
TIFF
Definition
tagged image format, which was designed for bit-mapped (scanned-in) images; it is optimized for printing photos in publication
Term
ppi
Definition
an abbreviation for pixels per inch; a measurement of the resoultion of a digital image
Term
OCR
Definition
optional character recognition; an electronic means of scanning text and converting the scanned image to a text file that can be edited
Term
bad break
Definition
starting a page or ending a line or paragraph with a break that is considered poor format, such as word division that is not according to the dictionary or breaking a proper noun
Term
dead copy
Definition
the original manuscript used to compare against a more recent copy to which some changes have been made
Term
widow
Definition
a single line by itself at the top of a page
Term
river
Definition
poor wordspacing in justified copy creates a "river" of white space that flows vertically through the text
Term
orphan
Definition
less than a full word as the last line of a paragraph, or the first line of a paragraph alone at the bottom of a column or page
Term
kerning
Definition
subtracting or adding tiny amounts of space between two characters
Term
tracking
Definition
subtracting or adding tiny amounts of space between letters in a range of text
Term
letterspacing
Definition
the placing of additional space between each letter of a word
Term
ligature
Definition
a special character combining two or more characters into one
Term
page proof
Definition
proof showing typeset material that has been paginated to reflect the placement of text, illustrations, and other design elements
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